Engineers monitor foundation settlement over time.
Measurements are compared with a fixed reference point.
④ 精听｜12分钟
句子1
第一句
Engineers monitor foundation movement to identify changes over time.
慢速：
常速：
句子2
第二句
Settlement measurements are compared with a fixed reference point.
慢速：
常速：
第一遍：默认语速
只抓关键词。
句子1
engineers / monitor / movement / changes
句子2
measurements / compared / reference point
第二遍：-15%
重点听：
monitor foundation movement
identify changes
over time
measurements are compared
fixed reference point
第三遍：默认语速
句子1
关键词：
monitor / movement
主干：
Engineers monitor movement.
加细节：
Engineers monitor foundation movement over time.
完整：
Engineers monitor foundation movement to identify changes over time.
句子2
关键词：
measurements / compared / point
主干：
Measurements are compared.
加细节：
Settlement measurements are compared with a reference point.
完整：
Settlement measurements are compared with a fixed reference point.
⑤ 句子主干训练｜10分钟
先独立完成。
练习1
Engineers monitor foundation settlement regularly.
填写：
主语：
谓语：
宾语：
频率补充：
练习2
Accurate measurements can reveal gradual structural movement.
填写：
主语：
谓语：
宾语：
修饰宾语的部分：
练习3
The position of each monitoring point is recorded carefully.
填写：
完整主语：
主语中心词：
修饰主语：
谓语：
方式补充：
主动还是被动：
练习4
Engineers compare new measurements with previous results.
填写：
主语：
谓语：
宾语：
比较对象：
练习5：长句
If settlement continues to increase after construction, engineers may carry out further investigation to identify the cause.
填写：
If从句主语：
If从句谓语：
时间补充：
主句主语：
主句谓语：
主句宾语：
目的补充：
主句主干：
整句逻辑：
参考答案
参考答案
1
主语：Engineers
谓语：monitor
宾语：foundation settlement
频率补充：regularly
主干：
Engineers monitor settlement.
2
主语：Accurate measurements
谓语：can reveal
宾语：gradual structural movement
修饰宾语：gradual、structural
主干：
Measurements can reveal movement.
3
完整主语：The position of each monitoring point
主语中心词：position
修饰主语：of each monitoring point
谓语：is recorded
方式补充：carefully
被动语态
主干：
The position is recorded.
4
主语：Engineers
谓语：compare
宾语：new measurements
比较对象：with previous results
结构：
compare A with B 将A与B比较
主干：
Engineers compare measurements.
5
If从句：
主语：settlement
谓语：continues to increase
时间补充：after construction
主句：
主语：engineers
谓语：may carry out
宾语：further investigation
目的补充：to identify the cause
主句主干：
Engineers may carry out further investigation.
整句逻辑：
settlement continues → engineers investigate the cause
⑥ Grammar｜Unit 12巩固
今天继续区分：
for：持续时间
since：起始点
when：过去发生的时间
1. for + 时间段
for six months for two years for a long time
例句：
Engineers have monitored settlement for six months.
2. since + 起点
since January since construction began since the first inspection
例句：
Engineers have monitored settlement since January.
3. when + 一般过去时
When did monitoring begin?
不能说：
When has monitoring begun? ❌
今日练习
选择正确答案。
Engineers have monitored the building ___ three months.
Settlement has remained stable ___ the drainage system was repaired.
___ did engineers install the monitoring points?
The wall has been monitored ___ construction was completed.
Engineers recorded the first measurement ___ the inspection began.
The team has known about the movement ___ several weeks.
参考答案
参考答案
for
since
When
since
when
for
重点
第5题重点
Engineers recorded the first measurement when the inspection began.
两个动作都发生在过去，不强调持续到现在，因此用 when。
⑦ 主动与被动判断｜6分钟
判断并改错。
Engineers monitor settlement regularly.
Monitoring points are installed around the building.
Foundation movement can identify through measurements.
Engineers may compare new results with previous data.
Settlement measurements may be record every month.
参考答案
参考答案
正确
正确
Foundation movement can be identified through measurements.
正确
Settlement measurements may be recorded every month.
⑧ 今日阅读｜25分钟
Monitoring Foundation Settlement
Foundation settlement may occur during construction or after a building enters service. A small amount of uniform settlement may be acceptable, but excessive or differential settlement can damage structural and non-structural components.
Engineers monitor settlement by installing reference points on selected parts of the building. The vertical position of each point is measured relative to a stable benchmark.
Measurements are normally taken at regular intervals and compared with previous results. This allows engineers to determine whether settlement has stopped, remained stable, or continued to increase.
Continued movement may require further investigation. Engineers may review drainage conditions, groundwater levels, soil information, construction records, and structural damage before recommending corrective action.
⑨ 段落概括｜8分钟
第一段
少量均匀沉降可能可接受，但过度或差异沉降可能造成损伤。
关键词：
settlement / acceptable / damage
第二段
工程师通过设置监测点并相对稳定基准点测量其位置。
关键词：
points / measure / benchmark
第三段
定期测量并与过去结果比较，以判断沉降是否继续。
关键词：
intervals / compare / continue
第四段
持续位移需要进一步调查排水、地下水和施工资料。
关键词：
movement / investigation / records
今日目标：
不看文章说出至少2个段意。
⑩ 今日长难句解析
原句：
Measurements taken at regular intervals are compared with previous results to determine whether settlement has stopped, remained stable, or continued to increase.
完整主语
Measurements taken at regular intervals
中心词：
Measurements
过去分词修饰
taken at regular intervals
修饰：
Measurements
意思：
按固定时间间隔取得的测量数据
它相当于：
Measurements that are taken at regular intervals
谓语
are compared
被动语态。
比较对象
with previous results
结构：
compare A with B
被动：
A is compared with B
目的补充
to determine whether…
意思：
为了确定是否……
whether从句
whether settlement has stopped, remained stable, or continued to increase
主语：
settlement
三个并列谓语：
has stopped
remained stable
continued to increase
完整形式理解为：
has stopped, has remained stable, or has continued to increase
后两个 has 被省略。
最短主干
Measurements are compared.
扩展主干
Measurements are compared to determine whether settlement continues.
自然翻译
按固定时间间隔取得的测量数据会与以前的结果进行比较，以确定沉降是已经停止、保持稳定，还是继续增大。
⑪ 阅读题 Part A
Q1
What type of settlement may be acceptable?
Q2
How do engineers monitor foundation settlement?
Q3
Why are new measurements compared with previous results?
Q4
What information may engineers review if movement continues?
答题前先判断：
What type：回答沉降类型；
How：回答监测方式；
Why：回答目的；
What information：列资料和条件。
⑫ Rewrite｜2句
1
原句：
Engineers install monitoring points on selected parts of the building.
提示：
Monitoring points are…
2
原句：
Engineers compare new measurements with previous results.
提示：
New measurements are…
参考答案
参考答案
Monitoring points are installed by engineers on selected parts of the building.
New measurements are compared with previous results by engineers.
第二句更自然也可以省略执行者：
New measurements are compared with previous results.
⑬ Writing｜12分钟
任务一：纠错
Engineers can monitor foundation settlement.
Monitoring points can install around the building.
New measurements are compared with previous results.
Continued movement may require further investigation.
Engineers may be review construction records.
正确答案
正确答案
正确
Monitoring points can be installed around the building.
正确
正确
Engineers may review construction records.
任务二：because
完成：
Engineers compare new measurements with previous results because ______.
参考
参考：
Engineers compare new measurements with previous results because the comparison shows whether settlement is continuing.
任务三：if
合并：
Settlement continues to increase. Engineers may carry out further investigation.
参考
参考：
If settlement continues to increase, engineers may carry out further investigation.
⑭ Shadowing｜20分钟
练习段落：
Engineers monitor foundation settlement over time. Monitoring points are measured relative to a stable benchmark. New measurements are compared with previous results. Continued movement may require further investigation.
意群
Engineers monitor / foundation settlement / over time.
Monitoring points / are measured / relative to a stable benchmark.
New measurements / are compared / with previous results.
Continued movement / may require / further investigation.
三级复述
1
关键词：
engineers / monitor / settlement
主干：
Engineers monitor settlement.
完整：
Engineers monitor foundation settlement over time.
2
关键词：
points / measured / benchmark
主干：
Points are measured.
完整：
Monitoring points are measured relative to a stable benchmark.
3
关键词：
measurements / compared / results
主干：
Measurements are compared.
完整：
New measurements are compared with previous results.
4
关键词：
movement / investigation
主干：
Movement requires investigation.
完整：
Continued movement may require further investigation.
今日最低要求：
主干4/4；
完整句至少2/4。
⑮ RA｜8分钟
Engineers monitor foundation settlement by measuring selected reference points. New measurements are compared with previous results to determine whether movement has stopped or continued. Significant movement may require further investigation.
重点词：
monitor
settlement
measuring
reference
compared
significant
investigation
默认语速录音一次，不重来。
⑯ RS｜6句
第一句
Engineers monitor foundation settlement.
慢速：
常速：
第二句
Monitoring points are measured regularly.
慢速：
常速：
第三句
Measurements are compared with previous results.
慢速：
常速：
第四句
Settlement may continue after construction.
慢速：
常速：
第五句
Continued movement requires investigation.
慢速：
常速：
第六句
Engineers review groundwater conditions.
慢速：
常速：
最短主干
Engineers monitor settlement.
Points are measured.
Measurements are compared.
Settlement may continue.
Movement requires investigation.
Engineers review conditions.
今日目标：
关键词：4/6；
主干：4/6；
基本完整：4/6；
学习后：6/6。
⑰ Speaking｜15分钟
1
关键词：
engineers / monitor / settlement
主干
主干：
Engineers monitor settlement.
完整
完整：
Engineers monitor foundation settlement over time.
2
关键词：
points / benchmark
主干
主干：
Engineers measure monitoring points.
完整
完整：
Engineers measure monitoring points relative to a stable benchmark.
3
关键词：
measurements / compare
主干
主干：
Engineers compare measurements.
完整
完整：
Engineers compare new measurements with previous results.
4
关键词：
movement / investigate
主干
主干：
Engineers investigate movement.
完整
完整：
Engineers carry out further investigation if movement continues.
今日目标：
主干4/4；
完整句2—3/4。
⑱ 今日工程词汇筛选
今天只激活5个语块。
1. monitor settlement
中文
监测沉降
工程含义
通过定期测量判断基础或建筑物的竖向位移是否持续发展。
常用搭配
monitor settlement：监测沉降
monitor foundation movement：监测基础位移
settlement monitoring：沉降监测
continuous monitoring：持续监测
monitor over time：随时间持续监测
词形
monitor：动词原形，监测
monitoring：名词或修饰语，监测、监测用的
例句
Engineers monitor foundation settlement over time. 工程师持续监测基础沉降。
2. monitoring point
中文
监测点；沉降观测点
常用搭配
monitoring point：监测点
install monitoring points：设置监测点
measure a monitoring point：测量监测点
selected monitoring points：选定的监测点
position of a monitoring point：监测点的位置
词形
monitor：监测
monitoring：在这里修饰 point
例句
Monitoring points are installed on selected parts of the building. 监测点设置在建筑物选定的位置。
3. stable benchmark
中文
稳定基准点；稳定水准基点
工程含义
用作沉降测量参照、位置本身应保持稳定的基准点。
常用搭配
stable benchmark：稳定基准点
reference benchmark：参考基准点
fixed reference point：固定参考点
measure relative to a benchmark：相对于基准点测量
benchmark elevation：基准点高程
例句
Measurements are taken relative to a stable benchmark. 测量是相对于稳定基准点进行的。
4. at regular intervals
中文
按固定时间间隔；定期地
常用搭配
at regular intervals：按固定时间间隔
take measurements regularly：定期测量
regular monitoring interval：固定监测间隔
monthly intervals：每月间隔
monitoring frequency：监测频率
例句
Settlement measurements are taken at regular intervals. 沉降测量按固定时间间隔进行。
5. further investigation
中文
进一步调查；进一步勘察
常用搭配
further investigation：进一步调查
carry out further investigation：开展进一步调查
require further investigation：需要进一步调查
detailed investigation：详细调查
investigate the cause：调查原因
词形
investigate：动词原形，调查
investigation：名词，调查
例句
Continued movement may require further investigation. 持续位移可能需要进一步调查。
