inspection findings → identify the extent and cause → define the repair scope → select a suitable repair method → minimise adverse effects → document the proposed work
The selected method should minimise disruption to the existing structure.
关键词：
参考
method / minimise / disruption / structure
主干：
参考
The method should minimise disruption.
3
第三句
Repair materials should be compatible with the existing construction.
关键词：
参考
repair materials / compatible / existing construction
主干：
参考
Repair materials should be compatible with the existing construction.
注意这一句不能压成：
Repair materials should be compatible.
因为：
compatible with what?
工程意义没说完。
记录：
顺序：___/3
关键词：___/3
主干：___/3
完整中文中转：___/3
⑥ 句子主干训练｜15分钟
今天继续强化：
不要为了“短”而删掉谓语需要的信息。
练习1
Engineers determine the extent of damage before developing the repair proposal.
填写：
主语：
谓语：
宾语：
of damage修饰：
before developing the repair proposal是什么：
主干：
练习2
The repair method should address the underlying cause of the defect.
主语：
谓语：
宾语：
of the defect修饰：
主干：
练习3
Engineers should select materials that are compatible with the existing structure.
主语：
谓语：
宾语：
that是什么从句：
that从句主语：
谓语：
表语/补足信息：
推荐主干：
练习4
A repair method that causes excessive disruption may not be appropriate for an occupied building.
主语：
主句谓语：
表语：
that是什么从句：
that指代：
从句谓语：
从句宾语：
主干：
练习5｜长句
When several repair options are available, engineers should compare their effectiveness, durability, constructability, and impact on the existing structure before selecting the most appropriate method.
When从句
主语：
谓语：
表语：
主句
主语：
谓语1：
宾语：
四个并列比较项目：
before selecting...是什么：
最短有意义主干：
工程逻辑：
⑥参考答案
答案
1
Engineers determine the extent of damage before developing the repair proposal.
主语：Engineers
谓语：determine
宾语：the extent
of damage：修饰 extent
before developing...：时间状语
推荐主干：
Engineers determine the extent of damage.
这里不能只写：
Engineers determine the extent.
因为信息太空。
2
The repair method should address the underlying cause of the defect.
主语：The repair method
谓语：should address
宾语：the underlying cause
of the defect：修饰 cause
推荐：
The repair method should address the cause of the defect.
3
Engineers should select materials that are compatible with the existing structure.
主句：
主语：Engineers
谓语：should select
宾语：materials
定语从句：
that are compatible with the existing structure
主语：that (= materials)
谓语：are
表语：compatible
补足信息：with the existing structure
推荐主干：
Engineers should select materials compatible with the existing structure.
4
A repair method that causes excessive disruption may not be appropriate for an occupied building.
主句：
主语：A repair method
谓语：may not be
表语：appropriate
定语从句：
that causes excessive disruption
that = repair method
谓语：causes
宾语：excessive disruption
推荐主干：
A disruptive repair method may not be appropriate.
或者保持原结构：
A repair method that causes disruption may not be appropriate.
5
主句核心：
engineers / should compare / A, B, C and D
然后：
before selecting…
表示选择之前的比较过程。
推荐主干：
Engineers should compare repair options before selecting a method.
工程逻辑：
多个维修方案 → 比较效果、耐久性、施工可行性、对既有结构的影响 → 选择最合适方案
⑦ Grammar｜定语从句 that / which
今天专门巩固最近容易出现的：
that 到底是谁？
例1
Defects that require further investigation should be clearly documented.
这里：
that = defects
从句：
that / require / further investigation
所以：
主语：that
谓语：require
宾语：further investigation
例2
Engineers should select a method that minimises disruption.
这里：
that = a method
从句：
that / minimises / disruption
which
工程英语也非常常见：
The repair method, which was selected after detailed assessment, was implemented successfully.
这里逗号里的 which 提供额外信息。
目前先简单记：
无逗号，限定是哪一个
a method that reduces risk
有逗号，补充说明
the method, which was approved yesterday, …
PTE现阶段重点先掌握第一类。
6题
找出 that 指代谁，并判断从句主谓。
1
The defects that require repair were documented.
2
Engineers selected a method that reduced construction time.
3
Materials that are incompatible with the existing concrete should not be used.
4
The report identifies areas that require particular attention.
5
A repair method that increases local stress may be unsuitable.
6
Engineers should avoid details that create unnecessary complexity.
答案
答案
that = defects；谓语 require
that = method；谓语 reduced
that = materials；谓语 are
that = areas；谓语 require
that = repair method；谓语 increases
that = details；谓语 create
⑧ 主动 / 被动｜5题
判断并纠错。
1
Engineers assess the extent of damage.
答案
✅ 主动
2
The repair method should be selected carefully.
答案
✅ 被动
3
Compatible materials should use for the repair.
答案
❌
正确：
Compatible materials should be used for the repair.
4
Engineers may need to revise the repair proposal.
答案
✅ 主动
5
The underlying cause must address before repair work begins.
答案
❌
正确：
The underlying cause must be addressed before repair work begins.
⑨ 阅读｜20～25分钟
Selecting an Appropriate Repair Method
Before a repair method is selected, engineers should understand both the extent of the damage and its underlying cause. Treating only the visible defect may not provide a durable solution if the original cause remains unaddressed.
The repair scope should clearly define the areas to be treated and the work that is required. Depending on the condition of the structure, the scope may include local repair, strengthening, replacement of damaged components, or continued monitoring.
Engineers should also consider whether the proposed repair materials are compatible with the existing construction. Differences in stiffness, strength, thermal movement, or durability can affect the long-term performance of the repaired area.
Where several repair options are available, engineers should compare their effectiveness, durability, constructability, cost, and impact on the existing structure. The preferred method should provide an appropriate balance between structural performance and practical construction requirements.
⑩ 段意提取｜8分钟
自己先写中文一句。
P1
关键词：
extent / underlying cause / durable solution
核心：
维修方法应同时针对损伤表现和根本原因。
P2
repair scope / local repair / strengthening / replacement
Where several repair options are available, engineers should compare their effectiveness, durability, constructability, cost, and impact on the existing structure.
主句
主语：
engineers
谓语：
should compare
宾语：
their effectiveness, durability, constructability, cost, and impact
五个并列：
effectiveness — 有效性
durability — 耐久性
constructability — 施工可行性
cost — 成本
impact — 影响
Where several repair options are available
这里 where 可以理解为：
在存在多个维修方案的情况下
不是单纯物理地点“在哪里”。
自然翻译
当存在多个维修方案时，工程师应比较各方案的有效性、耐久性、施工可行性、成本以及对既有结构的影响。
主干
Engineers should compare repair options.
更有意义：
Engineers should compare repair options before selecting a method.
⑫ 阅读题
回答英文即可。
Q1
Why may treating only the visible defect fail to provide a durable solution?
Q2
What should the repair scope clearly define?
Q3
What types of work may be included in the repair scope?
Q4
Why should repair materials be compatible with the existing construction?
Q5
What factors should engineers compare when several repair options are available?
Q6
What balance should the preferred repair method provide?
⑬ Rewrite
1
主动改被动：
Engineers select the repair method after detailed assessment.
2
自然改写：
Engineers consider the impact of the repair on the existing structure.
尝试使用：
take … into account
⑭ Writing｜10分钟
任务一｜纠错
The repair scope should reflect the extent of the damage.
The underlying cause must be address before repair begins.
Engineers should selects compatible materials.
Several repair methods may be considered.
A suitable method should minimise disruption to the existing structure.
任务二｜because
完成：
Repair materials should be compatible with the existing structure because ______.
参考
参考方向：
differences in material properties may affect long-term performance.
任务三｜that定语从句
完成：
Engineers should select a repair method that ______.
参考
参考：
addresses the underlying cause of the defect.
⑮ Shadowing｜15分钟
今天4句：
1
第一句
The repair scope should reflect the extent of the damage.
2
第二句
Engineers should identify the underlying cause before selecting a repair method.
3
第三句
Repair materials should be compatible with the existing structure.
4
第四句
The selected method should minimise disruption during construction.
An appropriate repair method should address the underlying cause of the defect and provide durable structural performance. Engineers should also consider constructability and the impact of the repair on the existing structure.
重点：
appropriate
underlying
durable
structural
constructability
impact
existing
⑰ RS｜新版方法
今天6句：
1
第一句
Engineers define the repair scope.
慢速：
常速：
2
第二句
The cause of the defect should be identified.
慢速：
常速：
3
第三句
Repair materials should be compatible.
慢速：
常速：
4
第四句
The selected method should minimise disruption.
慢速：
常速：
5
第五句
Several repair options may be considered.
慢速：
常速：
6
第六句
Engineers compare repair methods before making a final decision.
