Uncontrolled cracks may allow moisture to enter concrete.
填写：
主语：
谓语：
宾语：
补充动作：
练习2
Steel corrosion can reduce structural durability.
填写：
主语：
谓语：
宾语：
练习3
Regular inspections help engineers identify early signs of deterioration.
填写：
主语：
谓语：
宾语：
补充动作：
补充动作的宾语：
练习4
Protective coatings can slow the corrosion process.
填写：
主语：
谓语：
宾语：
练习5：长句
Although small cracks may not immediately affect structural safety, they can allow moisture to enter and cause long-term deterioration.
填写：
Although从句主语：
从句谓语：
从句宾语：
主句主语：
主句谓语1：
主句宾语1：
主句谓语2：
主句宾语2：
主句主干：
参考答案
参考答案
1
主语：Uncontrolled cracks
谓语：may allow
宾语：moisture
补充动作：to enter concrete
核心：
Cracks may allow moisture to enter.
2
主语：Steel corrosion
谓语：can reduce
宾语：structural durability
3
主语：Regular inspections
谓语：help
宾语：engineers
补充动作：identify
补充动作的宾语：early signs of deterioration
核心：
Inspections help engineers identify signs.
4
主语：Protective coatings
谓语：can slow
宾语：the corrosion process
5
Although从句：
主语：small cracks
谓语：may not affect
宾语：structural safety
副词：immediately
主句：
主语：they
谓语1：can allow
宾语1：moisture
补充动作：to enter
谓语2：cause
宾语2：long-term deterioration
主干：
They can allow moisture to enter and cause deterioration.
⑥ Grammar｜Unit 8继续
今天重点：
How long have/has…?
用来询问某个状态持续了多久。
结构
How long have you worked here?
How long has the building been in service?
回答可以用：
for + 一段时间
或：
since + 起点
例句
How long have you worked as a structural engineer?
I have worked as a structural engineer for ten years.
How long has the crack existed?
It has existed since last winter.
今日练习
完成句子：
How long ______ you worked here?
I have worked here ______ ten years.
How long ______ the building been in service?
It has been in service ______ 2008.
The crack has existed ______ several months.
答案
答案：
have
for
has
since
for
纠错
I have worked here since ten years.
The building has been in service for 2008.
How long you have worked here?
答案
正确：
I have worked here for ten years.
The building has been in service since 2008.
How long have you worked here?
⑦ 今日阅读｜25分钟
Durability and Structural Deterioration
Structural durability refers to the ability of a structure or material to maintain acceptable performance over time. A durable structure should remain safe and functional despite exposure to moisture, temperature changes, chemicals, and other environmental conditions.
Cracks can provide paths for water and harmful substances to enter concrete. When moisture reaches reinforcing steel, corrosion may begin. Corroding steel expands and can cause further cracking or concrete spalling.
Deterioration does not always cause immediate structural failure. However, it may gradually reduce strength, stiffness, appearance, and serviceability. If the problem is not identified early, repairs may become more difficult and expensive.
Engineers improve durability through appropriate material selection, adequate concrete cover, crack control, drainage, protective coatings, and regular inspections. Good design and maintenance can extend the service life of a structure.
⑧ 段落概括｜8分钟
第一段
段意：
耐久性是结构或材料长期保持可接受性能的能力。
关键词：
durability / performance / environment
第二段
段意：
水通过裂缝进入混凝土，可能引起钢筋腐蚀和进一步破坏。
关键词：
cracks / moisture / corrosion
第三段
段意：
劣化可能逐渐降低强度、刚度和正常使用性能。
关键词：
deterioration / gradually / reduce
第四段
段意：
合理设计、材料选择和检查可以提高耐久性。
关键词：
design / protection / inspection
今日仍然只要求：
不看文章说出至少2个段意。
⑨ 今日长难句解析
原句：
If the problem is not identified early, repairs may become more difficult and expensive.
主句
Repairs may become more difficult and expensive.
主语：repairs
谓语：may become
表语：more difficult and expensive
If从句
If the problem is not identified early
主语：the problem
谓语：is not identified
副词：early
这是被动语态：
identify the problem → the problem is identified
意群
If the problem / is not identified early, repairs / may become / more difficult and expensive.
直译
如果问题没有被及早发现，维修可能变得更加困难和昂贵。
自然翻译
如果不能尽早发现问题，后续维修会更困难，成本也会更高。
简化句
Early identification reduces repair difficulty and cost.
仿写
If cracks are not controlled early, they may cause serious durability problems.
⑩ 阅读题 Part A
Q1
What does structural durability refer to?
Q2
What may happen when moisture reaches reinforcing steel?
Q3
What may deterioration gradually reduce?
Q4
How do engineers improve structural durability?
⑪ Rewrite｜2句
1
原句：
Cracks can provide paths for water to enter concrete.
提示：
Water can…
2
原句：
Engineers improve durability through regular inspections.
提示：
Durability can…
⑫ Writing｜12分钟
任务一：纠错
Moisture can enters concrete through cracks.
Corrosion may reduces structural durability.
Engineers should identifies deterioration early.
Cracks can be allow water to enter.
答案
正确答案：
Moisture can enter concrete through cracks.
Corrosion may reduce structural durability.
Engineers should identify deterioration early.
Cracks can allow water to enter.
任务二：because
完成：
Engineers inspect concrete regularly because ______.
参考
参考：
Engineers inspect concrete regularly because early inspections can identify deterioration.
任务三：if
合并：
Cracks are not controlled early. They may reduce durability.
参考
参考：
If cracks are not controlled early, they may reduce durability.
⑬ Shadowing｜20分钟
今天四句：
Structural durability depends on long-term performance. Cracks may allow moisture to enter concrete. Moisture can cause corrosion of reinforcing steel. Regular inspections help engineers identify deterioration early.
意群
Structural durability / depends on / long-term performance.
Cracks / may allow moisture / to enter concrete.
Moisture / can cause corrosion / of reinforcing steel.
Regular inspections / help engineers identify / deterioration early.
流程
-10%逐句跟读；
每句读顺后立即说中文；
默认速度整段；
只做三级复述。
最低复述
先说关键词：
cracks / moisture / concrete
再说主干：
Cracks allow moisture to enter.
第二句：
inspections / identify / deterioration
主干：
Inspections identify deterioration.
今天不要求背整段。
⑭ RA｜8分钟
Structural durability refers to the ability of a structure to maintain acceptable performance over time. Moisture, corrosion, and uncontrolled cracking may gradually reduce strength and serviceability. Engineers improve durability through good design, protective measures, and regular inspections.
