Good drainage reduces water pressure behind the retaining wall.
今天空白提取的目标不是全部想起来，而是建立：
主题 → 关键词 → 主干 → 完整句
① 旧句提取｜8分钟
看中文说英文。
1
挡土墙支挡不同地面标高之间的土体。
参考
Retaining walls support soil at different ground levels.
2
透水材料可以让水排离墙体。
参考
Free-draining material allows water to move away from the wall.
3
排水孔可以让水穿过墙体排出。
参考
Drainage openings allow water to escape through the wall.
4
墙后积水会增加侧向压力。
参考
Accumulated water can increase lateral pressure behind the wall.
5
如果水压力持续增大，工程师可能会增设排水设施。
参考
If water pressure continues to increase, engineers may install additional drainage.
提取顺序：
先看完整中文；
说不出时只看关键词；
先说主干；
最后补完整句。
例如：
water / increase / pressure Water increases pressure. Accumulated water can increase lateral pressure behind the wall.
② Anki｜25分钟
先复习到期卡。
今日重点：
retaining wall：挡土墙
free-draining material：透水材料
drainage layer：排水层
allow water to escape：让水排出
different ground levels：不同地面标高
复习方式：
中文正面 → 大声说英文 → 翻面 → 读例句 → 再闭眼说一次
今天最多新增5张卡。
③ 发音专项｜10分钟
今天练：
stability
sliding
overturning
resist
stable
stability
sta-BIL-i-ty
sliding
SLI-ding
overturning
o-ver-TURN-ing
resist
re-SIST
语块练习
wall stability
sliding stability
overturning stability
resist lateral pressure
remain stable
练习句
The retaining wall must remain stable under lateral pressure.
Engineers check sliding and overturning stability.
④ 精听｜12分钟
今天只增加一个重点新词：
stability
句子1
第一句
Retaining walls must remain stable under lateral pressure.
慢速：
常速：
句子2
第二句
Good drainage helps maintain wall stability.
慢速：
常速：
第一遍：默认语速
只抓关键词。
句子1
walls / remain stable / pressure
句子2
drainage / maintain / stability
第二遍：-15%
重点听：
must remain stable
under lateral pressure
helps maintain
wall stability
第三遍：默认语速
句子1
关键词：
walls / stable / pressure
主干：
Walls remain stable.
加细节：
Retaining walls must remain stable under pressure.
句子2
关键词：
drainage / stability
主干：
Drainage maintains stability.
加细节：
Good drainage helps maintain wall stability.
⑤ 句子成分训练｜10分钟
先独立完成。
练习1
Engineers check retaining-wall stability during design.
填写：
主语：
谓语：
宾语：
时间补充：
练习2
Lateral earth pressure can cause sliding or overturning.
填写：
主语：
谓语：
宾语：
练习3
The weight of the wall helps it resist lateral pressure.
填写：
主语：
修饰主语：
谓语：
宾语：
补充动作：
补充动作的宾语：
练习4
Effective drainage reduces water pressure behind the wall.
填写：
主语：
谓语：
宾语：
修饰宾语的部分：
练习5：长句
If the resisting forces are not sufficient, the retaining wall may slide or overturn under lateral pressure.
填写：
If从句主语：
If从句谓语：
表语：
主句主语：
主句谓语1：
主句谓语2：
条件或作用补充：
主句主干：
参考答案
参考答案
1
主语：Engineers
谓语：check
宾语：retaining-wall stability
时间补充：during design
主干：
Engineers check stability.
2
主语：Lateral earth pressure
谓语：can cause
宾语：sliding or overturning
主干：
Pressure can cause movement.
3
主语：The weight of the wall
主语中心词：weight
修饰主语：of the wall
谓语：helps
宾语：it
补充动作：resist
补充动作宾语：lateral pressure
主干：
Weight helps it resist pressure.
it指代：
the wall
4
主语：Effective drainage
谓语：reduces
宾语：water pressure
修饰宾语：behind the wall
主干：
Drainage reduces pressure.
5
If从句：
主语：the resisting forces
谓语：are
表语：not sufficient
主句：
主语：the retaining wall
谓语1：may slide
谓语2：or overturn
作用补充：under lateral pressure
主句主干：
The retaining wall may slide or overturn.
⑥ Grammar｜Unit 11继续
今天继续练：
How long have/has … been…?
持续动作
How long have engineers been monitoring the wall?
They have been monitoring it for six months.
持续状态
How long has the wall been stable?
It has been stable since the drainage system was repaired.
状态动词
How long have engineers known about the problem?
不是：
have been knowing ❌
今日练习
选择正确答案。
How long have engineers monitored / been monitoring the wall?
The wall has remained / has been remaining stable since the repair.
Engineers have known / have been knowing about the crack for two months.
How long has the drainage outlet been blocked / been being blocked?
The team has inspected / has been inspecting three retaining walls today.
参考答案
参考答案
have been monitoring 强调持续动作。
has remained remain在这里表示持续状态，通常不用进行时。
have known know是状态动词。
has been blocked 表示出口一直处于堵塞状态。
has inspected 强调已经完成三面墙的检查。
⑦ 主动与被动判断｜6分钟
判断并改错。
Engineers check wall stability.
Water pressure can be reduced through drainage.
Retaining walls must resist lateral pressure.
Wall stability can assess through calculations.
Engineers may be install additional supports.
参考答案
参考答案
正确
正确
正确
Wall stability can be assessed through calculations.
Engineers may install additional supports.
⑧ 今日阅读｜25分钟
Retaining Wall Stability
Retaining walls must remain stable while resisting pressure from the soil and water behind them. Engineers normally check several possible failure modes during design and assessment.
Sliding may occur when the horizontal force acting on the wall is greater than the available resistance at its base. The weight of the wall, friction beneath the foundation, and other resisting forces help prevent sliding.
Overturning may occur when lateral pressure creates a turning effect that is greater than the stabilising effect of the wall weight. Engineers therefore check the location of the resultant force and the pressure beneath the foundation.
Effective drainage is also important because accumulated water can increase lateral pressure. Engineers should inspect drainage openings, wall movement, cracks, and signs of leaning to determine whether corrective action is required.
⑨ 段落概括｜8分钟
第一段
挡土墙必须抵抗墙后土压力和水压力，并保持稳定。
关键词：
wall / pressure / stable
第二段
抗滑稳定依靠墙重、基础摩擦力和其他抵抗力。
关键词：
sliding / resistance / friction
第三段
侧向压力可能导致墙体倾覆，墙重提供稳定作用。
关键词：
overturning / pressure / weight
第四段
有效排水可以降低水压力，工程师还需检查裂缝和倾斜。
关键词：
drainage / inspect / corrective action
今日目标：
不看文章说出至少2个段意。
⑩ 今日长难句解析
原句：
Sliding may occur when the horizontal force acting on the wall is greater than the available resistance at its base.
主句
主语：Sliding
谓语：may occur
主干：
Sliding may occur.
when从句
when the horizontal force acting on the wall is greater than the available resistance at its base
主语
the horizontal force acting on the wall
中心词：
force
acting on the wall修饰：
force
谓语
is
表语
greater than the available resistance at its base
其中：
greater than：大于
available resistance：可利用的抵抗力
at its base：在墙体底部
自然翻译
当作用在墙体上的水平力大于墙底可提供的抵抗力时，挡土墙可能发生滑移。
最短主干
Sliding occurs when force exceeds resistance.
工程逻辑
driving force > resisting force → sliding may occur
⑪ 阅读题 Part A
Q1
What forces must a retaining wall resist?
Q2
What helps prevent sliding?
Q3
When may overturning occur?
Q4
Why is effective drainage important for retaining-wall stability?
答题前先圈疑问词：
What forces
What helps
When
Why
⑫ Rewrite｜2句
1
原句：
Engineers check wall stability during design.
提示：
Wall stability is…
2
原句：
Effective drainage can reduce water pressure behind the wall.
提示：
Water pressure behind the wall can…
参考答案
参考答案
Wall stability is checked by engineers during design.
Water pressure behind the wall can be reduced through effective drainage.
重点：
不要漏掉 during design 和 behind the wall。
⑬ Writing｜12分钟
任务一：纠错
Engineers can check sliding stability.
Wall stability can assess through calculations.
Lateral pressure may cause overturning.
Water pressure can be reduced through drainage.
Engineers may be inspect cracks and movement.
参考
正确：
正确
Wall stability can be assessed through calculations.
正确
正确
Engineers may inspect cracks and movement.
任务二：because
完成：
Engineers check drainage openings because ______.
参考
参考：
Engineers check drainage openings because blocked outlets may increase water pressure behind the wall.
任务三：if
合并：
Resisting forces are insufficient. The wall may slide.
参考
参考：
If the resisting forces are insufficient, the wall may slide.
⑭ Shadowing｜20分钟
今天必须做到：
主干复述 + 至少1句加细节
练习：
Retaining walls must remain stable under lateral pressure. Wall weight and foundation friction help prevent sliding. Lateral pressure may cause sliding or overturning. Effective drainage helps maintain wall stability.
意群
Retaining walls / must remain stable / under lateral pressure.
Wall weight / and foundation friction / help prevent sliding.
Lateral pressure / may cause / sliding or overturning.
Retaining walls must remain stable under lateral pressure.
关键词2
weight / prevent / sliding
主干：
Weight prevents sliding.
加细节：
Wall weight and foundation friction help prevent sliding.
关键词3
drainage / stability
主干：
Drainage maintains stability.
加细节：
Effective drainage helps maintain wall stability.
⑮ RA｜8分钟
Retaining walls must resist pressure from the soil and water behind them. Engineers check sliding and overturning stability during design. Wall weight, foundation resistance, and effective drainage all help maintain structural stability.
重点词：
retaining
resist
pressure
sliding
overturning
resistance
stability
默认语速录音1遍，不重来。
⑯ RS｜6句
今天仍使用熟悉结构。
第一句
Retaining walls resist lateral pressure.
慢速：
常速：
第二句
Wall weight helps prevent sliding.
慢速：
常速：
第三句
Engineers check wall stability.
慢速：
常速：
第四句
Water pressure may cause movement.
慢速：
常速：
第五句
Good drainage reduces water pressure.
慢速：
常速：
第六句
Cracks may indicate structural problems.
慢速：
常速：
最短主干
Walls resist pressure.
Weight prevents sliding.
Engineers check stability.
Pressure causes movement.
Drainage reduces pressure.
Cracks indicate problems.
目标：
关键词：4/6
主干：4/6
基本完整：4/6
学习后：6/6
⑰ Speaking｜15分钟
第一轮只看关键词。
1
walls / pressure
主干
主干：
Retaining walls resist pressure.
完整
完整：
Retaining walls resist pressure from the soil and water behind them.
2
weight / sliding
主干
主干：
Wall weight prevents sliding.
完整
完整：
Wall weight and foundation friction help prevent sliding.
3
pressure / overturning
主干
主干：
Pressure may cause overturning.
完整
完整：
Lateral pressure may cause sliding or overturning.
