Retaining walls must resist pressure from the soil.
Good drainage reduces water pressure behind the wall.
④ 精听｜12分钟
今天每句最多只有一个重点新词。
句子1
第一句
Retaining walls must resist pressure from the soil behind them.
慢速：
常速：
句子2
第二句
Good drainage reduces water pressure behind the wall.
慢速：
常速：
第一遍：默认语速
只记关键词。
句子1
walls / resist / pressure / soil
句子2
drainage / reduces / pressure / wall
第二遍：-15%
重点听：
retaining walls
must resist
pressure from the soil
behind them
reduces water pressure
第三遍：默认语速
句子1
关键词：
walls / resist / pressure
主干：
Walls resist pressure.
加细节：
Retaining walls resist soil pressure.
句子2
关键词：
drainage / pressure
主干：
Drainage reduces pressure.
加细节：
Good drainage reduces water pressure behind the wall.
今日最低要求：
两句都说出最短主干。
⑤ 句子成分训练｜10分钟
先独立完成，不要先看答案。
练习1
Retaining walls support soil at different ground levels.
填写：
主语：
谓语：
宾语：
地点或状态补充：
练习2
Water behind a wall can increase lateral pressure.
填写：
主语：
修饰主语的部分：
谓语：
宾语：
练习3
Drainage openings help water escape from behind the wall.
填写：
主语：
谓语：
宾语：
补充动作：
地点补充：
练习4
Poor drainage may reduce long-term wall performance.
填写：
主语：
谓语：
宾语：
练习5：长句
If water pressure continues to increase, engineers may install additional drainage to reduce the load on the retaining wall.
填写：
If从句主语：
If从句谓语：
补充动作：
主句主语：
主句谓语：
主句宾语：
目的补充：
on the retaining wall修饰：
主句主干：
参考答案
参考答案
1
主语：Retaining walls
谓语：support
宾语：soil
补充：at different ground levels
主干：
Walls support soil.
2
主语：Water behind a wall
主语中心词：Water
修饰主语：behind a wall
谓语：can increase
宾语：lateral pressure
主干：
Water can increase pressure.
3
主语：Drainage openings
谓语：help
宾语：water
补充动作：escape
地点补充：from behind the wall
结构：
help + water + escape
主干：
Openings help water escape.
4
主语：Poor drainage
谓语：may reduce
宾语：long-term wall performance
主干：
Drainage may reduce performance.
5
If从句：
主语：water pressure
谓语：continues
补充动作：to increase
主句：
主语：engineers
谓语：may install
宾语：additional drainage
目的补充：to reduce the load on the retaining wall
其中：
on the retaining wall
修饰：
the load
主句主干：
Engineers may install additional drainage.
⑥ Grammar｜Unit 11入门
今天开始：
How long have you been…? 某个动作已经持续多久？
Unit 11继续用现在完成时描述“过去开始、现在仍然持续”的状态或动作。持续动作通常使用现在完成进行时；部分状态动词通常使用现在完成时。
持续动作
How long have engineers been monitoring the wall?
工程师已经监测这面墙多久了？
They have been monitoring it for six months.
他们已经持续监测六个月了。
状态
How long has the wall been in service?
这面墙投入使用多久了？
It has been in service since 2015.
它自2015年以来一直在使用。
状态动词不用进行时
How long have engineers known about the problem?
不能说：
have been knowing ❌
今日练习
选择正确形式。
How long have engineers monitored / been monitoring the wall?
They have monitored / been monitoring it since January.
How long have you known / been knowing about the crack?
The drainage outlet has been blocked / has been being blocked for two days.
How long has the retaining wall been / been being in service?
参考答案
参考答案
have been monitoring
have been monitoring
have known
has been blocked
has been
今天只掌握一个判断：
持续动作 → have been doing 持续状态 → have been / have known / have had
⑦ 主动与被动复习｜6分钟
判断并改错。
Retaining walls resist soil pressure.
Water pressure can be reduced through drainage.
Engineers may inspect drainage outlets.
Lateral pressure can increase by accumulated water.
Engineers can be install additional drainage.
参考答案
参考答案
正确
正确
正确
Lateral pressure can be increased by accumulated water.
Engineers can install additional drainage.
⑧ 今日阅读｜25分钟
Drainage Behind Retaining Walls
Retaining walls support soil where ground levels are different. The soil behind a wall applies lateral pressure, and the wall must have sufficient strength and stability to resist this pressure safely.
Water that accumulates behind a retaining wall can increase lateral pressure. Poor drainage may therefore cause cracking, movement, leaning, or a reduction in long-term structural performance.
A drainage system may include free-draining material, a drainage layer, pipes, and openings through the wall. These features allow water to escape instead of building up behind the structure.
Engineers should inspect retaining walls for cracks, movement, blocked drainage outlets, and signs of water accumulation. Corrective action may include clearing outlets, repairing pipes, installing additional drainage, or strengthening the wall.
⑨ 段落概括｜8分钟
第一段
挡土墙支挡土体，并抵抗土体产生的侧向压力。
关键词：
wall / soil / pressure
第二段
墙后积水会增大压力并导致开裂或位移。
关键词：
water / increase / damage
第三段
排水材料、管道和开孔让墙后水排出。
关键词：
drainage / pipes / escape
第四段
工程师检查墙体损伤和排水问题，并采取维修或加固措施。
关键词：
inspect / outlets / corrective action
今日目标：
不看文章说出至少2个段意。
⑩ 今日长难句解析
原句：
Water that accumulates behind a retaining wall can increase lateral pressure and may eventually cause cracking, movement, or loss of stability.
主语
Water that accumulates behind a retaining wall
中心词：
Water
定语从句
that accumulates behind a retaining wall
修饰：
Water
意思：
积聚在挡土墙后面的水
定语从句内部：
主语：that
谓语：accumulates
地点：behind a retaining wall
两个并列谓语
第一个
can increase
宾语：
lateral pressure
第二个
may cause
宾语：
cracking, movement, or loss of stability
eventually
最终；最后
修饰：
may cause
意群
Water that accumulates behind a retaining wall / can increase lateral pressure / and may eventually cause / cracking, movement, or loss of stability.
自然翻译
积聚在挡土墙后面的水会增大侧向压力，并最终可能导致开裂、位移或稳定性丧失。
最短主干
Water increases pressure and causes damage.
⑪ 阅读题 Part A
Q1
What does a retaining wall support?
Q2
How may accumulated water affect a retaining wall?
Q3
What features may be included in a retaining-wall drainage system?
Q4
What corrective action may engineers take?
⑫ Rewrite｜2句
今天重点：
变成被动后，不能丢掉时间、方式或地点信息。
1
原句：
Engineers inspect drainage outlets regularly.
提示：
Drainage outlets are…
2
原句：
Accumulated water can increase lateral pressure.
提示：
Lateral pressure can…
参考答案
参考答案
Drainage outlets are inspected regularly by engineers.
Lateral pressure can be increased by accumulated water.
⑬ Writing｜12分钟
任务一：纠错
Retaining walls can support soil.
Water pressure can reduce through drainage.
Engineers may inspect wall movement.
Cracks may be caused by increasing pressure.
Engineers can be install additional drainage.
答案
正确答案：
正确
Water pressure can be reduced through drainage.
正确
正确
Engineers can install additional drainage.
任务二：because
完成：
Engineers inspect retaining-wall drainage because ______.
参考
参考：
Engineers inspect retaining-wall drainage because blocked outlets may increase water pressure behind the wall.
任务三：if
合并：
Water pressure continues to increase. Engineers may install additional drainage.
参考
参考：
If water pressure continues to increase, engineers may install additional drainage.
⑭ Shadowing｜20分钟
今天继续使用熟悉结构。
Retaining walls support soil at different ground levels. Water behind the wall may increase lateral pressure. Good drainage allows water to escape safely. Engineers inspect walls, pipes, and drainage outlets.
意群
Retaining walls / support soil / at different ground levels.
Water behind the wall / may increase / lateral pressure.
Good drainage / allows water / to escape safely.
Engineers inspect / walls, pipes, / and drainage outlets.
三级复述
关键词1
walls / support / soil
主干
主干：
Walls support soil.
加细节
加细节：
Retaining walls support soil at different levels.
关键词2
drainage / water / escape
主干
主干：
Drainage allows water to escape.
关键词3
engineers / inspect / outlets
主干
主干：
Engineers inspect outlets.
加细节
加细节：
Engineers inspect drainage outlets regularly.
今日最低要求：
关键词复述完成；
主干至少2句；
加细节至少1句。
⑮ RA｜8分钟
Retaining walls must resist pressure from the soil behind them. Accumulated water can increase lateral pressure and reduce structural performance. Good drainage allows water to escape and helps maintain wall stability.
重点词：
retaining
pressure
accumulated
lateral
drainage
stability
录音一次，不因单个词读错而重来。
⑯ RS｜6句
今天继续使用短句和熟词。
第一句
Retaining walls support soil.
慢速：
常速：
第二句
Water pressure can damage walls.
慢速：
常速：
第三句
Good drainage reduces water pressure.
慢速：
常速：
第四句
Engineers inspect cracks and movement.
慢速：
常速：
第五句
Blocked outlets may cause drainage problems.
慢速：
常速：
第六句
Additional drainage improves wall performance.
慢速：
常速：
最短主干
Walls support soil.
Pressure damages walls.
Drainage reduces pressure.
Engineers inspect damage.
Outlets cause problems.
Drainage improves performance.
今日目标：
关键词：4/6
主干：4/6
基本完整：4/6
学习后：6/6
Day 25达到5/6很好，但今天仍按4/6作为稳定目标，不给自己加压。
⑰ Speaking｜15分钟
先看关键词说主干。
1
retaining walls / soil
主干
主干：
Retaining walls support soil.
完整句
完整：
Retaining walls support soil where ground levels are different.
2
water / pressure
主干
主干：
Water increases pressure.
完整句
完整：
Accumulated water can increase lateral pressure behind the wall.
3
drainage / escape
主干
主干：
Drainage allows water to escape.
完整句
完整：
Good drainage allows water to escape from behind the wall.
4
engineers / inspect
主干
主干：
Engineers inspect retaining walls.
完整句
完整：
Engineers inspect retaining walls for cracks, movement, and blocked outlets.
今日标准：
主干4/4；
完整句2—3/4。
⑱ 今日工程词汇筛选
今天只激活5个语块。
1. retaining wall
中文
挡土墙
工程含义
用于支挡存在高差的土体，并抵抗土压力的结构。
母语者画面感
墙的一侧是较高的填土，墙体把土挡住，防止其滑动或坍落。
常用搭配
retaining wall：挡土墙
reinforced-concrete retaining wall：钢筋混凝土挡土墙
retaining-wall design：挡土墙设计
retaining-wall stability：挡土墙稳定性
inspect a retaining wall：检查挡土墙
例句
Retaining walls support soil at different ground levels. 挡土墙支挡不同地面标高之间的土体。
2. lateral earth pressure
中文
侧向土压力
工程含义
土体作用在挡土结构侧面上的水平压力。
母语者画面感
墙后的土体像持续向侧面推墙，墙体必须抵抗这种水平作用。
常用搭配
lateral earth pressure：侧向土压力
resist earth pressure：抵抗土压力
increase lateral pressure：增大侧向压力
earth-pressure distribution：土压力分布
design for earth pressure：按土压力设计
例句
The wall must resist lateral earth pressure. 墙体必须抵抗侧向土压力。
3. drainage layer
中文
排水层
工程含义
布置在挡土墙后方、用于让水快速排出的透水材料层。
母语者画面感
墙后是一层碎石或其他透水材料，水能沿着空隙向下流走。
常用搭配
drainage layer：排水层
provide a drainage layer：设置排水层
free-draining material：透水材料
drainage material：排水材料
behind the retaining wall：在挡土墙后方
例句
A drainage layer allows water to move away from the wall. 排水层可以让水排离墙体。
4. drainage opening
中文
排水孔；泄水孔
工程含义
设置在墙体中、让墙后水排出的孔洞。
母语者画面感
水从挡土墙上的小孔流出，避免在墙后不断积聚。
常用搭配
drainage opening：排水孔
blocked drainage opening：堵塞的排水孔
provide drainage openings：设置排水孔
clear an opening：清理排水孔
allow water to escape：让水排出
例句
Drainage openings allow water to escape through the wall. 排水孔可以让水穿过墙体排出。
