Differential settlement may cause structural cracking.
2
墙体斜裂缝可能表明存在基础沉降。
参考
Diagonal wall cracks may indicate foundation settlement.
3
排水不良可能导致基础沉降。
参考
Poor drainage may contribute to foundation settlement.
4
工程师持续监测结构位移。
参考
Engineers monitor structural movement over time.
5
有效维修必须处理根本原因。
参考
Effective repair must address the underlying cause.
说不完整时：
drainage / settlement Drainage affects settlement. Poor drainage may contribute to foundation settlement.
② Anki｜25分钟
先复习旧卡。
今日重点：
differential settlement：差异沉降
diagonal wall crack：墙体斜裂缝
poor drainage：排水不良
foundation underpinning：基础托换
inadequate foundation design：基础设计不足
复习流程：
中文提示 → 大声说英文 → 翻面 → 朗读例句
今天最多新增5张卡。
③ 发音专项｜10分钟
今天练：
drainage
groundwater
moisture
surrounding
performance
drainage
DRAIN-age
groundwater
GROUND-water
moisture
MOIS-ture
surrounding
sur-ROUND-ing
语块练习
improve drainage
groundwater level
control moisture
surrounding soil
foundation performance
练习句
Good drainage helps control moisture around foundations.
Changes in groundwater may affect foundation performance.
④ 精听｜12分钟
今天只使用基本熟悉词汇。
句子1
第一句
Poor drainage may increase moisture around the foundation.
慢速：
常速：
句子2
第二句
Engineers improve drainage to reduce future settlement.
慢速：
常速：
第一遍：默认语速
只抓关键词。
句子1
drainage / moisture / foundation
句子2
engineers / improve drainage / reduce settlement
第二遍：-15%
重点听：
poor drainage
may increase
around the foundation
improve drainage
future settlement
第三遍：默认语速
句子1
关键词：
drainage / moisture
主干：
Drainage increases moisture.
加细节：
Poor drainage may increase moisture around foundations.
句子2
关键词：
engineers / drainage / settlement
主干：
Engineers improve drainage.
加细节：
Engineers improve drainage to reduce settlement.
今日最低要求：
两句都说出主干。
⑤ 句子成分训练｜10分钟
先独立完成。
练习1
Engineers inspect drainage systems around existing buildings.
填写：
主语：
谓语：
宾语：
地点补充：
练习2
Poor drainage can increase moisture in the surrounding soil.
填写：
主语：
谓语：
宾语：
位置补充：
练习3
Regular maintenance helps drainage systems remain functional.
填写：
主语：
谓语：
宾语：
补充动作：
补语：
练习4
Changes in groundwater may affect foundation performance.
填写：
主语：
谓语：
宾语：
练习5：长句
If water accumulates around a foundation, engineers may improve drainage to reduce moisture and prevent further settlement.
填写：
If从句主语：
If从句谓语：
地点补充：
主句主语：
主句谓语：
主句宾语：
目的补充1：
目的补充2：
主句主干：
参考答案
参考答案
1
主语：Engineers
谓语：inspect
宾语：drainage systems
地点补充：around existing buildings
主干：
Engineers inspect systems.
2
主语：Poor drainage
谓语：can increase
宾语：moisture
位置补充：in the surrounding soil
主干：
Drainage can increase moisture.
3
主语：Regular maintenance
谓语：helps
宾语：drainage systems
补充动作：remain
补语：functional
主干：
Maintenance helps systems remain functional.
4
主语：Changes in groundwater
谓语：may affect
宾语：foundation performance
主干：
Changes may affect performance.
5
If从句：
主语：water
谓语：accumulates
地点补充：around a foundation
主句：
主语：engineers
谓语：may improve
宾语：drainage
目的补充1：to reduce moisture
目的补充2：and prevent further settlement
主句主干：
Engineers may improve drainage.
注意：
reduce moisture and prevent settlement
是两个由 and 连接的并列动作。
⑥ Grammar｜Unit 10最后巩固
今天继续比较：
have done have been doing
强调持续
Engineers have been monitoring groundwater levels since January.
强调完成结果
Engineers have installed four drainage channels.
今日练习
选择正确形式。
Engineers have monitored / have been monitoring moisture levels for six months.
Workers have installed / have been installing three drainage pipes.
Groundwater levels have risen / have been rising gradually.
The engineer has completed / has been completing the drainage assessment.
The team has repaired / has been repairing the drainage system since this morning.
参考答案
参考答案
have been monitoring
have installed
have been rising
has completed
has been repairing
今天以后，Unit 10不再每天重复，后面会穿插复习。
⑦ 主动/被动判断｜8分钟
判断并改错。
Engineers inspect drainage systems.
Moisture can be reduced through improved drainage.
Poor drainage may increase soil moisture.
Groundwater levels can monitor by engineers.
Engineers may be improve drainage around foundations.
参考答案
参考答案
正确
正确
正确
Groundwater levels can be monitored by engineers.
Engineers may improve drainage around foundations.
快速检查：
情态动词 + 被动 can/may + be + 过去分词
⑧ 今日阅读｜25分钟
Drainage Around Foundations
Effective drainage is important for maintaining foundation performance. Water that accumulates around a building may increase soil moisture, soften certain soils, or cause changes in groundwater conditions.
Poor drainage may result from blocked pipes, damaged channels, inadequate ground slopes, leaking services, or the absence of suitable drainage systems. Engineers should identify the source of the water before recommending corrective action.
Signs of drainage problems may include standing water, damp walls, soil erosion, blocked outlets, or repeated moisture damage. Engineers may inspect drainage systems and monitor groundwater or soil moisture levels.
Corrective measures may include cleaning blocked drains, repairing damaged pipes, improving ground slopes, installing new drainage channels, or directing water away from the foundation. Effective drainage can reduce the risk of settlement and long-term deterioration.
⑨ 段落概括｜8分钟
第一段
基础周围积水会改变土体含水量并影响基础性能。
关键词：
water / moisture / foundation
第二段
排水问题可能来自堵塞、破损、坡度不足或管线渗漏。
关键词：
blocked / damaged / leaking
第三段
工程师通过积水、潮湿和冲刷等迹象发现排水问题。
关键词：
signs / inspect / monitor
第四段
清理、维修和改善排水可以降低沉降及长期劣化风险。
关键词：
repair / drainage / reduce risk
今日目标：
不看文章说出至少2个段意。
⑩ 今日长难句解析
原句：
Engineers should identify the source of the water before recommending corrective action.
主干
主语：Engineers
谓语：should identify
宾语：the source of the water
中心宾语：
source
of the water 修饰 source。
时间补充
before recommending corrective action
意思：
在建议纠正措施之前
这里：
before：在……之前
recommending：建议
corrective action：纠正或修复措施
为什么是recommending？
因为 before 后面可以接：
before + 动词-ing
当主句与这个动作的执行者相同时，可以省略主语。
完整逻辑：
before engineers recommend corrective action
简化后：
before recommending corrective action
自然翻译
工程师在提出修复措施之前，应先查明水的来源。
最短主干
Engineers should identify the source.
仿写
Engineers should identify the cause before selecting a repair method.
⑪ 阅读题 Part A
Q1
How may accumulated water affect the soil around a foundation?
Q2
What may cause poor drainage?
Q3
What signs may indicate a drainage problem?
Q4
How can effective drainage benefit a foundation?
⑫ Rewrite｜2句
1
原句：
Engineers inspect drainage systems regularly.
提示：
Drainage systems are…
2
原句：
Effective drainage can reduce settlement risk.
提示：
Settlement risk can…
参考答案
参考答案
Drainage systems are inspected regularly by engineers.
Settlement risk can be reduced through effective drainage.
注意第二句：
through effective drainage
比：
by effective drainage
更自然，因为排水是一种措施或方式。
⑬ Writing｜12分钟
任务一：纠错
Engineers can inspect drainage systems.
Groundwater levels can monitor regularly.
Poor drainage may cause foundation problems.
Settlement risk can be reduced through drainage improvement.
Engineers may be repair damaged drainage pipes.
答案
正确：
正确
Groundwater levels can be monitored regularly.
正确
正确
Engineers may repair damaged drainage pipes.
任务二：because
完成：
Engineers inspect drainage systems because ______.
参考
参考：
Engineers inspect drainage systems because blocked or damaged drains may cause moisture problems.
任务三：before
合并：
Engineers recommend corrective action. They identify the source of the water.
参考
参考：
Engineers identify the source of the water before recommending corrective action.
⑭ Shadowing｜20分钟
今天必须完成主干复述。
Effective drainage helps maintain foundation performance. Poor drainage may increase moisture around foundations. Engineers inspect pipes, channels, and drainage outlets. Improved drainage can reduce settlement risk.
意群
Effective drainage / helps maintain / foundation performance.
Poor drainage / may increase moisture / around foundations.
Engineers inspect / pipes, channels, / and drainage outlets.
Improved drainage / can reduce / settlement risk.
三级复述
关键词1
drainage / performance
主干：
Drainage maintains performance.
加细节：
Effective drainage helps maintain foundation performance.
关键词2
drainage / moisture
主干：
Drainage increases moisture.
加细节：
Poor drainage may increase moisture around foundations.
关键词3
drainage / settlement risk
主干：
Drainage reduces risk.
加细节：
Improved drainage can reduce settlement risk.
今日最低要求：
关键词：完成
主干：至少2句
加细节：至少1句
⑮ RA｜8分钟
Poor drainage may increase moisture in the soil around foundations. Engineers inspect drainage systems, monitor groundwater conditions, and identify the source of water. Effective drainage improvements can reduce settlement risk and long-term structural deterioration.
重点词：
drainage
moisture
foundations
inspect
groundwater
improvements
deterioration
录音一次，不重来。
⑯ RS｜6句
今天全部使用熟悉结构。
第一句
Engineers inspect drainage systems.
慢速：
常速：
第二句
Poor drainage increases soil moisture.
慢速：
常速：
第三句
Water may accumulate around foundations.
慢速：
常速：
第四句
Engineers monitor groundwater levels.
慢速：
常速：
第五句
Improved drainage reduces settlement risk.
慢速：
常速：
第六句
Damaged pipes may require repair.
慢速：
常速：
最短主干
Engineers inspect systems.
Drainage increases moisture.
Water may accumulate.
Engineers monitor levels.
Drainage reduces risk.
Pipes require repair.
今日目标：
关键词：4/6
主干：4/6
基本完整：3/6
学习后：5—6/6
今天不要逐词硬背。先保：
谁 + 做什么
⑰ Speaking｜15分钟
今天只要求先说主干。
1
关键词：
drainage / foundation performance
主干：
Drainage affects foundation performance.
完整：
Effective drainage helps maintain foundation performance.
2
关键词：
poor drainage / moisture
主干：
Poor drainage increases moisture.
完整：
Poor drainage may increase moisture around foundations.
3
关键词：
engineers / inspect systems
主干：
Engineers inspect drainage systems.
完整：
Engineers inspect drainage systems to identify blocked or damaged pipes.
4
关键词：
improved drainage / settlement risk
主干：
Drainage reduces risk.
完整：
Improved drainage can reduce foundation settlement risk.
今日标准：
主干4/4；
完整句至少2/4。
主干说出来就算成功，不要因为说不出长句而停住。
⑱ 今日工程词汇筛选
今天只激活5个语块。
1. effective drainage
中文
有效排水；合理排水
工程含义
能够及时将地表水、渗水或地下水排离基础区域的排水措施。
常用搭配
effective drainage：有效排水
provide effective drainage：设置有效排水
improve drainage：改善排水
drainage improvement：排水改善
adequate drainage：足够的排水
例句
Effective drainage helps maintain foundation performance. 有效排水有助于维持基础性能。
2. soil moisture
中文
土体含水量；土壤水分
工程含义
土体内部含水状态，变化过大可能影响土体强度、压缩性和基础沉降。
常用搭配
soil moisture：土体含水量
increase soil moisture：增加土体含水量
monitor soil moisture：监测土体含水量
moisture level：含水水平
moisture change：含水量变化
例句
Poor drainage may increase soil moisture. 排水不良可能增加土体含水量。
3. standing water
中文
积水
工程含义
不能及时排走而停留在地面或基础周围的水。
常用搭配
standing water：积水
remove standing water：清除积水
standing water around foundations：基础周围积水
water accumulation：积水、积聚
prevent water accumulation：防止积水
例句
Standing water may indicate a drainage problem. 积水可能表明存在排水问题。
4. drainage outlet
中文
排水出口；泄水口
工程含义
水从排水沟、管道或系统中排出的出口位置。
常用搭配
drainage outlet：排水出口
blocked outlet：堵塞的出口
inspect drainage outlets：检查排水出口
clear an outlet：清理出口
outlet condition：出口状况
例句
Engineers inspect drainage outlets for blockages. 工程师检查排水出口是否堵塞。
5. direct water away from the foundation
中文
将水引离基础
工程含义
通过坡度、排水沟或管道，使水不在基础附近积聚。
常用搭配
direct water away from the foundation：将水引离基础
divert surface water：引走地表水
control water flow：控制水流
provide ground slope：设置地面坡度
prevent water entry：防止水进入
例句
Drainage channels direct water away from the foundation. 排水沟将水引离基础。
