Engineers assess the severity of each identified defect.
填写：
主语：
谓语：
宾语：
修饰severity：
修饰defect：
主干：
练习2
Critical defects usually receive a higher repair priority.
填写：
主语：
谓语：
宾语：
修饰defects：
修饰priority：
副词：
主干：
练习3
Engineers should consider both the likelihood and consequences of structural failure.
填写：
主语：
谓语：
宾语：
both...and...连接的两个部分：
修饰likelihood / consequences：
主干：
练习4
A high-risk defect is one that requires urgent attention.
填写：
主语：
谓语：
表语：
that是什么从句：
that从句主语：
that从句谓语：
that从句宾语：
主干：
练习5｜长句
If a defect presents an unacceptable risk to structural safety, engineers should prioritise the repair and determine which remedial measures are most appropriate.
填写：
If从句主语：
If从句谓语：
If从句宾语：
修饰risk：
主句：
主语：
谓语1：
宾语1：
谓语2：
宾语2类型：
which从句：
主语：
谓语：
表语：
最短有意义主干：
整句逻辑：
参考答案
⑥参考答案
1
主语：Engineers
谓语：assess
宾语：the severity
修饰severity：of each identified defect
修饰defect：identified
主干：
Engineers assess severity.
2
主语：Critical defects
谓语：receive
宾语：a higher repair priority
修饰defects：critical
修饰priority：higher / repair
副词：usually
主干：
Defects receive priority.
3
Engineers should consider both the likelihood and consequences of structural failure.
主语：Engineers
谓语：should consider
宾语：both the likelihood and consequences of structural failure
并列：
the likelihood and consequences
共同修饰：
of structural failure
推荐主干：
Engineers should consider likelihood and consequences.
不要压成：
Engineers should consider. ❌
4
A high-risk defect is one that requires urgent attention.
主语：A high-risk defect
谓语：is
表语：one
that requires urgent attention：定语从句，修饰one
that从句：
主语：that = one
谓语：requires
宾语：urgent attention
主干：
A defect is one that requires attention.
更自然理解：
A high-risk defect requires urgent attention.
5
If从句：
主语：a defect
谓语：presents
宾语：an unacceptable risk
修饰risk：to structural safety
主句：
主语：engineers
谓语1：should prioritise
宾语1：the repair
谓语2：determine
宾语2：which宾语从句
which从句：
which remedial measures are most appropriate
主语：which remedial measures
谓语：are
表语：most appropriate
推荐主干：
Engineers should prioritise the repair and determine the appropriate measures.
逻辑：
风险不可接受 → 提高维修优先级 → 确定适当整改措施
⑦ Grammar｜have to / must / need to
昨天练了：
may / should / must
今天补三个工程里很常见的表达。
must
强制、明确要求：
Critical defects must be repaired.
have to
因为实际条件或外部要求“不得不、必须”。
The contractor has to complete the repair before handover.
need to
表示客观需要：
Engineers need to assess the risk.
通常比must柔和。
练习6题
选择最自然：
must / have to / need to
1
Engineers ___ assess the condition before recommending repairs.
2
Critical safety defects ___ be addressed immediately.
3
The contractor ___ complete the work before the agreed handover date.
4
Engineers ___ understand the cause before selecting a repair method.
5
All temporary supports ___ remain in place until approval is given.
6
The inspection team ___ return tomorrow because access is unavailable today.
参考
参考：
need to
must
has to
need to
must
has to
⑧ 主动 / 被动｜5题
判断正确/错误 + 主动/被动。
1
Engineers should prioritise high-risk defects.
2
High-risk defects should be prioritised.
3
Immediate repair may be require.
4
The risk must be assessed carefully.
5
Engineers must be determine the repair priority.
答案
答案：
✅ 主动
✅ 被动
❌
Immediate repair may be required.
✅ 被动
❌
Engineers must determine the repair priority.
继续强化：
modal + do
和：
modal + be + done
⑨ 阅读｜25分钟
Repair Prioritisation and Risk Assessment
Structural defects should not be prioritised only according to their visible size. A small defect may still require urgent attention if it affects a critical structural component or presents a significant safety risk.
Engineers normally consider both the likelihood and consequences of failure. A condition that is unlikely to fail but would have severe consequences may still require a high repair priority. Similarly, a defect with a high likelihood of deterioration may require early intervention even if its current effect is limited.
Repair priority should therefore reflect the overall level of risk rather than a single observation. Engineers may consider defect severity, rate of change, affected structural elements, exposure conditions, and the possible consequences of further deterioration.
High-risk conditions should be addressed promptly. Lower-risk defects may be monitored or included in a planned maintenance programme. The selected response should be appropriate to both the current condition and the expected future behaviour of the structure.
⑩ 段落概括｜8分钟
自己先概括。
参考：
P1
不能只根据缺陷表面大小决定维修优先级。
关键词：
visible size / critical component / safety risk
P2
风险判断需要同时考虑失效可能性和失效后果。
关键词：
likelihood / consequences / priority
P3
维修优先级应反映总体风险水平。
关键词：
overall risk / severity / rate of change
P4
高风险问题及时处理，低风险问题可以监测或计划维护。
关键词：
high risk / promptly / monitoring
最后只要求闭眼恢复：
2个段意
⑪ 长难句
今日句：
A condition that is unlikely to fail but would have severe consequences may still require a high repair priority.
先不要看下面解析，自己拆。
主句主语
A condition that is unlikely to fail but would have severe consequences
中心词：
condition
定语从句
that is unlikely to fail but would have severe consequences
修饰：
condition
里面两个并列部分：
is unlikely to fail
和：
would have severe consequences
主句谓语
may require
主句宾语
a high repair priority
最短主干：
A condition may require a high priority.
自然翻译：
即使某种状况发生失效的可能性较低，但如果失效后果严重，它仍可能需要较高的维修优先级。
⑫ 阅读题 Part A
Q1
Why should defects not be prioritised only according to their visible size?
Q2
What two main factors do engineers normally consider when assessing failure risk?
Q3
Why may a condition with a low likelihood of failure still require a high repair priority?
Q4
What factors may engineers consider when determining overall risk?
Q5
How should high-risk conditions be treated?
Q6
What may be done with lower-risk defects?
⑬ Rewrite｜2题
1
Engineers assess the risk carefully.
改被动：
The risk…
2
High-risk conditions require prompt attention.
改成被动含义表达：
Prompt attention…
参考
参考：
The risk is assessed carefully by engineers.
更自然：
The risk is assessed carefully.
第二句：
Prompt attention is required for high-risk conditions.
⑭ Writing｜12分钟
任务一：纠错
Engineers should consider the possible consequences of failure.
Critical defects must addressed immediately.
A minor defect may still present a significant risk.
Engineers need to assesses the rate of deterioration.
Lower-risk defects may be monitored.
先自己做。
答案
答案：
正确
Critical defects must be addressed immediately.
正确
Engineers need to assess the rate of deterioration.
正确
任务二：because
完成：
A small defect may still require urgent attention because ______.
参考
参考：
A small defect may still require urgent attention because it may affect a critical structural component.
任务三：while
合并：
High-risk defects require prompt action. Lower-risk defects may be monitored.
参考
参考：
High-risk defects require prompt action, while lower-risk defects may be monitored.
⑮ Shadowing｜20分钟
四句：
第一句
Engineers assess the severity of each defect.
第二句
High-risk defects should receive a higher repair priority.
第三句
The consequences of structural failure may be severe.
第四句
Lower-risk defects may be monitored as part of planned maintenance.
汇总：
流程保持不变：
3分钟
看稿 + 听
5分钟
看稿Shadowing
8分钟
不看稿Shadowing
4分钟
关键词 → 主干 → 完整句
记录：
关键词：___/4
主干：___/4
完整：___/4
直接英文：___/4
今天目标：
关键词4/4
主干3～4/4
完整3/4
直接英文1～2/4
⑯ RA｜8分钟
一遍录音：
Engineers assess repair priorities according to the overall level of structural risk. Both the likelihood and consequences of failure should be considered when deciding whether immediate intervention is necessary.
重点：
priorities
according
structural
likelihood
consequences
failure
intervention
necessary
⑰ RS｜6句
第一句
Engineers assess structural risk.
慢速：
常速：
第二句
Serious defects receive higher priority.
慢速：
常速：
第三句
Failure may have severe consequences.
慢速：
常速：
第四句
Critical defects require urgent attention.
慢速：
常速：
第五句
Lower-risk defects may be monitored.
慢速：
常速：
第六句
Engineers should determine the appropriate action.
