Structural strengthening can improve load-carrying capacity.
④ 精听｜12分钟
今天继续控制新词密度。
句子1
第一句
Engineers repair damaged areas before the problem becomes serious.
慢速：
常速：
句子2
第二句
Structural strengthening can improve safety and extend service life.
慢速：
常速：
训练流程
第一遍：默认语速
只写关键词。
第一句：
engineers / repair / damaged areas / serious
第二句：
strengthening / improve safety / extend life
第二遍：-15%
检查：
repair
damaged
before
strengthening
extend
第三遍：默认语速
完成三级复述。
句子1
关键词：
engineers / repair / damage
最短主干：
Engineers repair damage.
加一个细节：
Engineers repair damaged areas early.
句子2
关键词：
strengthening / safety / life
最短主干：
Strengthening improves safety.
加一个细节：
Structural strengthening improves safety and extends service life.
今日最低目标：
两句话都至少完成最短主干。
⑤ 句子主干训练｜10分钟
先自己完成，再看参考答案。
练习1
Engineers repair damaged concrete after detailed inspections.
填写：
主语：
谓语：
宾语：
时间：
练习2
Additional reinforcement can increase the strength of a structural member.
填写：
主语：
谓语：
宾语：
练习3
Steel plates help damaged beams carry additional loads.
填写：
主语：
谓语：
宾语：
补充动作：
补充动作的宾语：
练习4
Appropriate repairs may restore structural performance.
填写：
主语：
谓语：
宾语：
练习5：长句
If the existing member cannot safely carry the required loads, engineers may strengthen it by adding steel plates or additional reinforcement.
填写：
If从句主语：
If从句谓语：
If从句宾语：
副词：
主句主语：
主句谓语：
主句宾语：
方式补充：
主句主干：
参考答案
参考答案
1
主语：Engineers
谓语：repair
宾语：damaged concrete
时间：after detailed inspections
主干：
Engineers repair concrete.
2
主语：Additional reinforcement
谓语：can increase
宾语：the strength of a structural member
中心宾语是：
strength
of a structural member 修饰 strength。
主干：
Reinforcement can increase strength.
3
主语：Steel plates
谓语：help
宾语：damaged beams
补充动作：carry
补充动作的宾语：additional loads
核心：
Steel plates help beams carry loads.
4
主语：Appropriate repairs
谓语：may restore
宾语：structural performance
主干：
Repairs may restore performance.
5
If从句：
主语：the existing member
谓语：cannot carry
宾语：the required loads
副词：safely
主句：
主语：engineers
谓语：may strengthen
宾语：it
方式补充：by adding steel plates or additional reinforcement
主句主干：
Engineers may strengthen it.
⑥ Grammar｜Unit 9继续
今天继续现在完成进行时：
have/has been + 动词-ing
重点区别：
现在完成时
Engineers have inspected the building.
工程师已经检查了建筑。
强调：
检查已经完成或产生了结果。
现在完成进行时
Engineers have been inspecting the building for two hours.
工程师已经持续检查这栋建筑两个小时了。
强调：
检查持续了一段时间，可能还在继续。
今日练习
选择正确形式：
Engineers have inspected / have been inspecting the building for three hours.
The team has repaired / has been repairing three damaged beams.
I have studied / have been studying English since June.
She has completed / has been completing the inspection report.
Workers have strengthened / have been strengthening the column since this morning.
参考
参考：
have been inspecting：强调持续三小时
have repaired：强调已修好三根梁
have been studying：强调一直持续学习
has completed：强调报告已完成
have been strengthening：强调从早上持续到现在
工程语块
have been monitoring the crack：一直在监测裂缝
have completed the repair：已经完成维修
have been inspecting the structure：一直在检查结构
has increased over time：已经随时间增大
⑦ 今日阅读｜25分钟
Structural Repair and Strengthening
Structural damage does not always require complete replacement of a member. In many cases, engineers can repair or strengthen the damaged area so that the structure can continue to perform safely.
The appropriate repair method depends on the type, cause, and extent of the damage. Small concrete cracks may be sealed or injected, while damaged concrete may need to be removed and replaced. Corroded reinforcing steel may also require cleaning, protection, or replacement.
Structural strengthening is used when an existing member no longer has sufficient strength or stiffness. Engineers may add reinforcement, steel plates, additional supports, or other structural elements to increase load-carrying capacity and control movement.
Before selecting a repair method, engineers must identify the cause of the problem. Repairing visible damage without correcting the underlying cause may only provide a temporary solution. Effective repair should restore performance and reduce the risk of future deterioration.
⑧ 段落概括｜8分钟
第一段
段意：
许多受损构件可以通过维修或加固继续安全使用。
关键词：
damage / repair / strengthen
第二段
段意：
维修方法取决于损伤类型、原因和程度。
关键词：
method / cause / extent
第三段
段意：
加固可以提高构件承载力、刚度并控制位移。
关键词：
strengthening / capacity / movement
第四段
段意：
维修前必须查明根本原因，否则可能只是暂时解决问题。
关键词：
cause / temporary / restore
今日目标：
不看文章说出至少2个段意。
⑨ 今日长难句解析
原句：
Repairing visible damage without correcting the underlying cause may only provide a temporary solution.
主语
Repairing visible damage without correcting the underlying cause
整个动名词结构作主语。
中心动作：
repairing
谓语
may provide
宾语
a temporary solution
only
修饰：
may provide
表示：
可能只能提供……
without部分
without correcting the underlying cause
意思：
如果没有纠正根本原因
其中：
correcting：纠正、处理
underlying cause：根本原因、潜在原因
主干
Repairing damage may provide a solution.
意群
Repairing visible damage / without correcting the underlying cause / may only provide / a temporary solution.
自然翻译
如果只修复可见损伤，而不处理根本原因，可能只能暂时解决问题。
简化句
Engineers must correct the cause, not only repair the damage.
仿写
Replacing damaged concrete without controlling moisture may only provide a temporary solution.
⑩ 阅读题 Part A
Q1
What can engineers do instead of completely replacing a damaged member?
Q2
What does the appropriate repair method depend on?
Q3
How may engineers strengthen an existing structural member?
Q4
Why must engineers identify the cause before selecting a repair method?
⑪ Rewrite｜重点模块
今天仍然只做两句，但步骤更明确。
1
原句：
Engineers may repair damaged concrete.
提示：
Damaged concrete may…
改写步骤
找宾语：damaged concrete
把宾语放到句首
情态动词保留：may
加 be
repair改成过去分词：repaired
答案
答案暂时不要先看：
Damaged concrete may be repaired by engineers.
2
原句：
Additional reinforcement can increase member strength.
提示：
Member strength can…
步骤：
原宾语：member strength
can保留
加be
increase → increased
补方法：by additional reinforcement
参考
参考：
Member strength can be increased by additional reinforcement.
今日Rewrite检查表
每写一句都检查：
原宾语放到句首了吗？
情态动词保留了吗？
be有没有？
动词是否变成过去分词？
原意是否完整保留？
⑫ Writing｜12分钟
任务一：纠错
Damaged concrete can repair by engineers.
Member strength may be increased through reinforcement.
Steel plates can helps beams carry loads.
Engineers should identify the cause before repair.
答案
正确：
Damaged concrete can be repaired by engineers.
Member strength may be increased through reinforcement. ✅
Steel plates can help beams carry loads.
Engineers should identify the cause before repair. ✅
任务二：because
完成：
Engineers identify the underlying cause because ______.
参考
参考：
Engineers identify the underlying cause because repairing visible damage may only provide a temporary solution.
任务三：if
合并：
A member lacks sufficient strength. Engineers may strengthen it.
参考
参考：
If a member lacks sufficient strength, engineers may strengthen it.
⑬ Shadowing｜20分钟
今天四句：
Structural damage does not always require complete replacement. Engineers may repair or strengthen damaged members. Additional reinforcement can increase structural strength. Effective repair should address the underlying cause.
意群
Structural damage / does not always require / complete replacement.
Engineers / may repair or strengthen / damaged members.
Additional reinforcement / can increase / structural strength.
Effective repair / should address / the underlying cause.
训练流程
-10%逐句跟读；
每句读顺后说中文；
默认速度整段；
做三级复述。
最低复述1
关键词：
engineers / repair / members
主干：
Engineers repair members.
加细节：
Engineers may repair damaged members.
最低复述2
关键词：
reinforcement / increase / strength
主干：
Reinforcement increases strength.
今天不要求复述整段。
⑭ RA｜8分钟
Structural repair and strengthening can restore performance and extend service life. Engineers should identify the type, cause, and extent of damage before selecting a repair method. Effective repairs must address both visible damage and the underlying cause.
重点词：
strengthening
restore
performance
identify
extent
effective
underlying
要求：
默认语速听一次，自己录音一次，不重来。
⑮ RS｜6句
今天仍以熟悉词汇为主。
第一句
Engineers repair damaged structural members.
慢速：
常速：
第二句
Additional reinforcement can increase member strength.
慢速：
常速：
第三句
Steel plates help beams carry loads.
慢速：
常速：
第四句
Effective repairs restore structural performance.
慢速：
常速：
第五句
Engineers must identify the underlying cause.
慢速：
常速：
第六句
Early strengthening may prevent further damage.
慢速：
常速：
最短主干
Engineers repair members.
Reinforcement increases strength.
Plates help beams.
Repairs restore performance.
Engineers identify the cause.
Strengthening prevents damage.
今日目标
关键词：4/6
主干：4/6
基本完整：3—4/6
学习后完整：5—6/6
如果某句出现新词，允许只说正确主干，不逐字硬记。
⑯ Speaking｜15分钟
主题
Why do engineers repair or strengthen structures?
第一句
主干：
Engineers repair damage.
完整：
Engineers repair structural damage to restore safe performance.
第二句
主干：
Strengthening increases capacity.
完整：
Structural strengthening can increase load-carrying capacity.
第三句
主干：
Engineers identify the cause.
完整：
Engineers must identify the underlying cause before selecting a repair method.
第四句
主干：
Repairs extend service life.
完整：
Effective repairs can reduce future deterioration and extend service life.
中文提示
工程师维修结构损伤，以恢复安全性能；
结构加固可以提高承载能力；
选择维修方法前必须查明根本原因；
有效维修可以减少进一步劣化并延长寿命。
目标：
主干4/4；
完整句至少3/4。
⑰ 今日工程词汇筛选
今天只激活5个语块。
1. structural strengthening
中文
结构加固
工程含义
通过增加钢板、钢筋、支撑或其他构件，提高现有结构的承载力、刚度或稳定性。
母语者画面感
原来的梁或柱能力不足，工程师在旁边增加钢板、钢筋或支撑，让它变得更强。
常用搭配
structural strengthening：结构加固
strengthening method：加固方法
strengthening work：加固工程
strengthen an existing member：加固现有构件
require strengthening：需要加固
例句
Structural strengthening can increase load-carrying capacity. 结构加固可以提高承载能力。
2. repair damaged concrete
中文
修复受损混凝土
工程含义
移除松散或剥落混凝土，对钢筋进行处理后重新修补。
母语者画面感
工人先凿除松散混凝土、清理钢筋，再用修补材料恢复表面。
常用搭配
repair damaged concrete：修复受损混凝土
remove damaged concrete：移除受损混凝土
replace damaged concrete：更换受损混凝土
concrete repair：混凝土修复
repair material：修补材料
例句
Engineers may repair damaged concrete after inspection. 工程师可能在检查后修复受损混凝土。
3. load-carrying capacity
中文
承载能力
工程含义
构件或结构安全承受荷载的能力。
母语者画面感
想象构件上方逐渐增加重量，直到接近它能够安全承受的上限。
常用搭配
load-carrying capacity：承载能力
increase capacity：提高承载能力
sufficient capacity：足够的承载能力
limited capacity：有限的承载能力
assess load-carrying capacity：评估承载能力
例句
Additional reinforcement can increase load-carrying capacity. 附加配筋可以提高承载能力。
4. underlying cause
中文
根本原因；潜在原因
工程含义
导致裂缝、腐蚀或变形的真正原因，而不仅是表面出现的损伤。
母语者画面感
表面看到的是裂缝，但后面真正的问题可能是渗水、沉降或设计不足。
常用搭配
underlying cause：根本原因
identify the underlying cause：查明根本原因
address the underlying cause：处理根本原因
correct the underlying cause：纠正根本原因
underlying problem：潜在问题
例句
Effective repair must address the underlying cause. 有效维修必须处理根本原因。
5. restore structural performance
中文
恢复结构性能
工程含义
通过维修或加固，使结构重新达到安全、刚度和正常使用要求。
母语者画面感
受损结构经过修复后，重新能够安全承载，并控制变形和振动。
常用搭配
restore structural performance：恢复结构性能
restore strength：恢复强度
restore stiffness：恢复刚度
restore functionality：恢复功能
fully restore：完全恢复
例句
Appropriate repairs may restore structural performance. 合理维修可以恢复结构性能。
