Regular maintenance can reduce the risk of further deterioration.
顺序
顺序：
regular maintenance / reduce / risk / further deterioration
关键词
关键词：
maintenance / reduce / risk
主干
主干：
Maintenance can reduce risk.
3
第三句
Inspection records help engineers plan future maintenance activities.
顺序
顺序：
inspection records / help / engineers / plan / future maintenance
关键字
关键词：
records / help / plan maintenance
主干
主干：
Records help engineers plan maintenance.
记录：
顺序词：___/3
关键词：___/3
主干：___/3
完整中文中转：___/3
⑥ 句子主干训练｜15分钟
今天重点：
保留必要宾语 + when从句 + that定语从句 + 并列结构
先自己做。
练习1
Engineers determine an appropriate inspection interval based on the condition of the structure.
填写：
主语：
谓语：
宾语：
修饰interval：
based on短语修饰什么：
主干：
练习2
Regular maintenance can reduce the likelihood of further deterioration.
主语：
谓语：
宾语：
修饰likelihood：
主干：
练习3
Inspection records provide information that helps engineers plan future maintenance.
主语：
谓语：
宾语：
that是什么从句：
that从句主语：
谓语：
宾语：
主干：
练习4
More frequent inspections may be required when the structural condition is changing.
主语：
谓语：
when从句是什么：
从句主语：
谓语：
主干：
练习5｜长句
If deterioration continues after the repair, engineers should review the maintenance plan and determine whether additional remedial action is required.
填写：
If从句
主语：
谓语：
时间状语：
主句
主语：
谓语1：
宾语1：
谓语2：
宾语2类型：
whether从句
主语：
谓语：
语态：
最短有意义主干：
整句逻辑：
参考答案
⑥参考答案
1
Engineers determine an appropriate inspection interval based on the condition of the structure.
主语：Engineers
谓语：determine
宾语：an appropriate inspection interval
修饰interval：appropriate / inspection
based on…：说明确定检查周期的依据
主干：
Engineers determine an inspection interval.
不要：
Engineers determine. ❌
2
主语：Regular maintenance
谓语：can reduce
宾语：the likelihood
修饰likelihood：of further deterioration
主干：
Maintenance can reduce deterioration risk.
或者更忠实：
Maintenance can reduce the likelihood of deterioration.
3
Inspection records provide information that helps engineers plan future maintenance.
主句：
主语：Inspection records
谓语：provide
宾语：information
that helps...
→ 定语从句，修饰 information
从句：
主语：that = information
谓语：helps
宾语/结构：engineers plan future maintenance
推荐主干：
Records provide information that helps engineers plan maintenance.
或者语义简化：
Records help engineers plan maintenance.
4
More frequent inspections may be required when the structural condition is changing.
主句：
主语：More frequent inspections
谓语：may be required
注意：
may be required
整体是：
情态动词 + 被动语态
when从句：
when the structural condition is changing
属于：
时间状语从句
主语：the structural condition
谓语：is changing
主干：
More frequent inspections may be required.
5
If从句：
deterioration / continues / after the repair
主句：
engineers should review / the maintenance plan and determine / whether…
whether从句：
additional remedial action / is required
其中：
is required = 被动语态谓语
推荐主干：
Engineers should review the plan and determine whether further action is required.
不要压：
Engineers determine action. ❌
工程逻辑：
劣化继续 → 重新审查维护计划 → 判断是否需要进一步整改
⑦ Grammar｜if vs when
今天只学一个很实用的区别。
when
表示：
预计这个情况会发生 / 讨论发生的时候
例如：
The structure should be inspected when the repair is complete.
意思：
维修完成的时候，应检查结构。
这里默认：
repair会完成。
if
表示：
这个情况不一定会发生
例如：
Further action may be required if deterioration continues.
意思：
如果劣化继续，可能需要进一步措施。
这里：
deterioration是否继续，不确定。
一句话区别
when = 当……的时候（预计会发生）
if = 如果……（有条件、不确定）
工程画面
when
When the repair is complete, engineers inspect the area.
维修完成是正常流程中的必然节点。
if
If further cracking occurs, engineers should investigate the cause.
进一步开裂可能发生，也可能不发生。
6题
选择 if / when
1
Engineers should inspect the repaired area ___ the repair is complete.
2
Further investigation may be required ___ new cracks appear.
3
___ monitoring results remain stable, the inspection interval may be increased.
4
Engineers update the records ___ the inspection is completed.
5
Additional remedial action may be necessary ___ deterioration continues.
6
___ the contractor completes the work, engineers will carry out the final inspection.
参考答案
参考：
when
if
if
when
if
when
第6题注意：
When the contractor completes…
不是：
when the contractor will complete ❌
时间从句仍然不用 will。
⑧ 主动 / 被动｜5题
1
Engineers determine the inspection interval.
答案
✅ 主动
2
The inspection interval is determined by engineers.
答案
✅ 被动
3
More frequent inspections may require.
答案
❌
More frequent inspections may be required.
4
Engineers may increase the inspection frequency.
答案
✅ 主动
5
The maintenance plan should reviewed regularly.
答案
❌
The maintenance plan should be reviewed regularly.
继续强化：
may require = 主动
和：
may be required = 被动
⑨ 阅读｜25分钟
Maintenance Planning and Inspection Intervals
Maintenance planning should be based on the current condition of the structure and the level of associated risk. Structures that remain in satisfactory condition may require only routine inspection and preventive maintenance.
The inspection interval should reflect how quickly the structural condition may change. Stable defects may be inspected at longer intervals, while progressive deterioration may require more frequent inspections.
Engineers also use previous inspection records when planning future maintenance. These records help identify recurring problems, changes in structural condition, and areas that may require particular attention during future inspections.
A maintenance plan should be reviewed when new information becomes available. If deterioration continues or new defects are identified, engineers may need to shorten the inspection interval or recommend additional remedial action.
⑩ 段落概括｜8分钟
P1
维护计划应根据结构当前状况和风险制定。
关键词：
condition / risk / preventive maintenance
P2
检查周期取决于结构状态变化速度。
关键词：
interval / stable / frequent
P3
既往检查记录有助于规划未来维护。
关键词：
records / recurring problems / future maintenance
P4
出现新信息或继续劣化时，应更新维护计划。
关键词：
review / deterioration / remedial action
最后只要求：
闭眼恢复2个段意。
⑪ 长难句
今日：
Stable defects may be inspected at longer intervals, while progressive deterioration may require more frequent inspections.
这是一个很好的对比句。
第一部分：
Stable defects / may be inspected / at longer intervals
第二部分：
progressive deterioration / may require / more frequent inspections
while：
表示对比
不是“当……时候”。
主干：
Stable defects may be inspected less frequently, while deterioration may require more frequent inspections.
自然翻译：
稳定的缺陷可以采用较长的检查周期，而持续发展的劣化可能需要更频繁的检查。
⑫ 阅读题
Q1
What should maintenance planning be based on?
Q2
What may structures in satisfactory condition require?
Q3
What should determine the inspection interval?
Q4
Why may progressive deterioration require more frequent inspections?
Q5
How do previous inspection records help engineers?
Q6
What may engineers do if deterioration continues or new defects are identified?
⑬ Rewrite
1
Engineers review the maintenance plan regularly.
改被动
改被动：
The maintenance plan is reviewed regularly.
2
Previous inspection records help engineers plan future maintenance.
自然改写
自然改写：
Previous inspection records provide useful information for future maintenance planning.
今天仍然不要机械强制被动。
⑭ Writing｜10分钟
纠错：
1
The inspection interval should reflect the structural condition.
2
More frequent inspections may be require.
3
Engineers should reviews the maintenance plan regularly.
4
Stable defects may require less frequent inspection.
5
Further action may be necessary if deterioration continues.
答案
答案：
✅
More frequent inspections may be required.
Engineers should review the maintenance plan regularly.
✅
✅
because
完成：
Inspection records are useful because ______.
参考
参考：
Inspection records are useful because they help engineers identify changes in structural condition.
while
合并：
Stable defects may require less frequent inspection. Progressive deterioration may require more frequent inspection.
参考
参考：
Stable defects may require less frequent inspection, while progressive deterioration may require more frequent inspection.
⑮ Shadowing｜18～20分钟
今天4句：
第一句
The inspection interval should reflect the condition of the structure.
Stable defects may require less frequent inspection.
Progressive deterioration may require more frequent inspections.
Previous inspection records help engineers plan future maintenance.
正常：
看稿听 → 看稿跟 → 不看稿跟
最后关闭音频，只统计一次：
关键词：___/4
主干：___/4
基本完整：___/4
直接英文：___/4
提醒：
“直接英文”不需要再说第四遍。
只是问：
恢复时有没有明显先想完整中文？
⑯ RA｜7分钟
只录一次：
Maintenance planning should reflect the current condition of the structure and the level of risk. Inspection intervals may need to be adjusted if deterioration continues or new defects are identified.
重点：
maintenance
current
condition
interval
adjusted
deterioration
identified
⑰ RS｜新版继续
今天6句：
第一句
Engineers plan future maintenance.
慢速：
常速：
第二句
The inspection interval may change.
慢速：
常速：
第三句
Stable defects require less frequent inspection.
慢速：
常速：
第四句
Maintenance can reduce deterioration risk.
慢速：
常速：
第五句
Inspection records provide useful information.
慢速：
常速：
第六句
Further action may be required.
慢速：
常速：
第一遍
一句只听一次。
能完整
直接说完整句。
不做关键词拆解。
不能完整
才启动：
残留关键词 → 主干救回
记录：
单遍完整：___/6
未完整：___句
主干救回：___/___
明显完整中文中转：___/6
之后学习2～3遍：
学习后完整：___/6
今天仍然目标：
单遍完整3～5/6都正常。
⑱ Speaking｜今天稍微加强｜15分钟
昨天这一项：
主干2/4 完整2/4
所以今天不增加句子数量，而是每句做两次。
1
给词：
engineers / determine / interval
第一次尝试
第一次：
Engineers determine an interval.
第二次扩展
第二次扩展：
Engineers determine an appropriate inspection interval.
2
maintenance / reduce / risk
主干
→
Maintenance can reduce risk.
完整
→
Regular maintenance can reduce the risk of further deterioration.
3
records / help / maintenance
主干
→
Records help engineers plan maintenance.
完整
→
Inspection records help engineers plan future maintenance.
4
deterioration / require / inspection
主干
→
Deterioration may require inspection.
完整
→
Progressive deterioration may require more frequent inspections.
记录：
主干：___/4
完整扩展：___/4
直接英文：___/4
今天不要追求 直接英文4/4。
目标：
主干3/4
就很好。
⑲ Day 40工程词汇
今天仍然控制 5个A级核心语块。
A级｜核心必会
1. inspection interval
**中文：**检查周期；检查间隔
工程义：
两次结构检查之间的时间间隔。
常用搭配：
inspection interval — 检查周期
shorten the inspection interval — 缩短检查周期
increase the inspection interval — 延长检查周期
appropriate inspection interval — 合适的检查周期
例句：
Engineers determine an appropriate inspection interval.
工程师确定适当的检查周期。
2. maintenance programme
**中文：**维护计划；维护方案
搭配：
maintenance programme — 维护计划
planned maintenance programme — 计划性维护方案
develop a maintenance programme — 制定维护方案
routine maintenance — 日常维护
例句：
The structure should be included in a planned maintenance programme.
该结构应纳入计划性维护方案。
3. preventive maintenance
**中文：**预防性维护
工程义：
在明显故障发生以前进行检查、保养或处理，以降低进一步劣化风险。
搭配：
preventive maintenance — 预防性维护
routine preventive maintenance — 常规预防性维护
carry out preventive maintenance — 实施预防性维护
例句：
Preventive maintenance can reduce the risk of further deterioration.
预防性维护可以降低进一步劣化的风险。
4. inspection frequency
**中文：**检查频率
注意和：
inspection interval
关系：
interval越短 → frequency越高
搭配：
inspection frequency — 检查频率
increase inspection frequency — 增加检查频率
reduce inspection frequency — 降低检查频率
more frequent inspections — 更频繁的检查
例句：
Progressive deterioration may require an increased inspection frequency.
持续发展的劣化可能需要提高检查频率。
5. review the maintenance plan
**中文：**审查 / 重新评估维护计划
搭配：
review the maintenance plan
update the maintenance plan
maintenance planning
future maintenance
例句：
Engineers should review the maintenance plan if deterioration continues.
如果劣化继续发展，工程师应重新审查维护计划。
B级｜高频重要
recurring problem
反复出现的问题
Inspection records can help identify recurring problems.
