Day 4

Day 4

总时间:约3.5小时


① Daily Review(新增)★★★★★(10分钟)

今天不要急着学新东西。

先回答下面问题(不用查资料)。

昨天三个生词还能说出来吗?

  1. efficient
  2. communication
  3. equally

请回答:

  • 英文意思(不用中文翻译也可以)
  • 一个搭配
  • 一个简单句

例如:

efficient

an efficient engineer

Our team is very efficient.

这一步就是把昨天的内容真正变成长期记忆。

1. Efficient

  • 英文意思:Working well and producing good results without wasting time, energy, or money. (高效的,能干的)
  • 常用搭配
    • Highly efficient (非常高效的)
    • Efficient way / method (高效的方法)
    • Efficient use of… (对……的高效利用)
  • 简单句:We need to find a more efficient way to solve this problem.

2. Communication

  • 英文意思:The act of sharing or exchanging information, ideas, or feelings. (沟通,交流,通讯)
  • 常用搭配
    • Effective communication (有效的沟通)
    • Communication skills (沟通技巧)
    • Lack of communication (缺乏沟通)
  • 简单句:Good communication is very important in a team.

3. Equally

  • 英文意思:In the same way or to the same degree; in equal parts or amounts. (平等地,同样地,平均地)
  • 常用搭配
    • Equally important (同样重要的)
    • Treat equally (平等对待)
    • Divide / share equally (平均分配 / 平分)
  • 简单句:The teacher treats all her students equally.

② Anki(45分钟)

继续保持:

  • 新卡:0(保持昨天的策略)
  • 学习已有New卡
  • 复习已有卡

重点:

每张卡至少开口读一次。


③ Grammar(20分钟)

教材:

English Grammar in Use

Unit 4

今天重点:

Present Continuous for the future(现在进行时表示将来)

例如:

I’m meeting my manager tomorrow.

这是PTE和工作邮件都很常见的表达。

Study

Unit 4 继续深化现在进行时和一般现在时的对比,主要讲解哪些动词通常不能用于现在进行时,以及某些动词在不同意思下的时态变化。以下是本单元的核心知识点:

1. 通常不用于现在进行时的动词 我们使用进行时(I’m waiting, it’s raining 等)来描述已经开始但尚未结束的动作。然而,有些表示状态、心理活动或感觉的动词通常不能这样用,我们只用一般现在时(I do),而不用现在进行时(I am doing)。 这些动词包括:

  • 喜好与需求:like, want, need, prefer。
  • 认知与思维:know, realise, understand, recognise, believe, suppose, remember, mean。
  • 归属与特征:belong, fit, contain, consist, seem。
  • 示例
    • “I’m hungry. I want something to eat.”(我饿了。我想吃点东西。)—— 不能说 I’m wanting。
    • “Do you understand what I mean?”(你明白我的意思吗?)。
    • “Anna doesn’t seem very happy right now.”(Anna现在看起来不太高兴。)。

2. 动词 “think” 的两种不同用法

  • 当 “think” 的意思是**“相信”或“认为”(表达个人观点)**时,不使用进行时:
    • “I think Mary is Canadian…”(我认为Mary是加拿大人…)—— 不能说 I’m thinking。
    • “What do you think of my idea?”(你觉得我的想法怎么样?)。
  • 当 “think” 的意思是**“考虑”(大脑正在进行的思考动作)**时,可以使用进行时:
    • “I**’m thinking** about what happened.”(我正在考虑发生的事情。)。
    • “Nicky is thinking of giving up her job.”(Nicky正在考虑辞去她的工作。)。

3. 感官动词的用法 (see, hear, smell, taste, look, feel)

  • see, hear, smell, taste 通常只用一般现在时,不用进行时:
    • “Do you see that man over there?”(你看到那边那个男人了吗?)。
    • “The room smells. Let’s open a window.”(房间里有味道。我们开窗吧。)。
  • 谈论某人此时此刻看起来或感觉如何时,look 和 feel 既可以用一般现在时,也可以用现在进行时:
    • “You look well today.” 或者 “You**’re looking** well today.”(你今天气色不错。)。
    • “How do you feel now?” 或者 “How are you feeling now?”(你现在感觉如何?)。
  • 但如果描述的是通常的习惯或状态,则必须用一般现在时:
    • “I usually feel tired in the morning.”(我早上通常觉得累。)—— 不能用 I’m usually feeling。

4. 特殊句型:”am/is/are being” 这个句型用来描述某人此时此刻正在表现出的行为(且这种行为是他们自己主观可以控制的)。

  • 对比
    • “I can’t understand why he**’s being** so selfish.”(我不明白他现在为什么表现得这么自私。—— 意味着他平时不这样,只是此时此刻的行为)。
    • “He never thinks about other people. He is very selfish.”(他从不为别人着想。他很自私。—— 描述长期的性格)。
  • 注意:这个结构不能用于人无法控制的情况(如生病、疲劳等):
    • “Sam is ill.”(Sam病了。)—— 不能说 is being ill。
    • Are you tired?”(你累了吗?)—— 不能说 are you being tired。

通俗讲解

Unit 4 的核心其实就在探讨一个问题:动作 vs 状态。进行时(-ing)的本质是“一个像录像带一样正在播放、且随时可以按暂停的动作”。但如果一个词描述的是无法“暂停”的内心活动或客观状态,它就不能加 -ing。

以下是为你重新梳理的四大核心板块:

1. 为什么有些动词天生抗拒 “-ing”?(内心状态 vs 物理动作)

有些动词描述的是你的内心戏、感觉或一种客观事实。比如“喜欢”、“知道”、“想要”,这些状态要么存在,要么不存在,你无法把它们“正在进行化”。 这些“状态动词”包括:

  • 感情与需求:like(喜欢), want(想要), need(需要), prefer(偏好)。
    • 通俗例子:你饿了,你想吃东西,要说 “I want something to eat.”,绝不能说 “I’m wanting”(因为“想要”不是一个可以做一半停下来的肢体动作)。
  • 大脑的认知:know(知道), realise(意识到), understand(理解), believe(相信), remember(记得), mean(意思是)。
    • 通俗例子:你不明白别人的意思时,会说 “Do you understand what I mean?”,不能用进行时。
  • 客观特征:belong(属于), fit(合身), contain(包含), seem(看起来)。
    • 通俗例子:Anna 此时此刻看起来不高兴,我们说 “Anna doesn’t seem very happy right now.”,不能说 is not seeming。

2. 动词 think 的两副面孔:“我觉得” vs “我正琢磨”

很多同学对 think 到底能不能加 -ing 感到头疼。其实只要看它在句子里表达什么意思:

  • 意思是“我认为、我相信”(表达固定观点)不能加 -ing
    • 比如:“我觉得 Mary 是加拿大人。”(I think Mary is Canadian…)这是你脑子里的一个既定观点,不能说 I’m thinking。
  • 意思是“考虑、盘算”(大脑正在高速运转)可以加 -ing
    • 比如:“我正在琢磨发生的事。”(I’m thinking about what happened.)这说明你的大脑此刻正在像齿轮一样运转。或者“Nicky 正在考虑辞职。”(Nicky is thinking of giving up her job.)。

3. 五官的感官动词:闻起来、尝起来

  • 被动接收的感觉 (see, hear, smell, taste):你睁开眼就看见,鼻子一吸气就闻到,这是被动触发的,所以只用一般现在时
    • 比如:“这房间有味道。”(The room smells.)不能说 The room is smelling。
  • 随和的 look(看起来气色如何)和 feel(感觉):当你描述某人此时此刻的临时状态时,用哪个都可以
    • 你可以说 “You look well today.” 也可以说 “You’re looking well today.”。
    • 但要注意,如果是日常长期的状态,就必须老老实实用一般现在时:“我早上通常觉得累。”(I usually feel tired…)不能用 I’m usually feeling。

4. 戏精上身的特殊句型:”is being…”(暂时的反常表现)

我们都知道 am/is/are 是用来描述状态的,那在它们后面再加个 being 是什么意思呢? 它的潜台词是:这人平时不这样,只是此时此刻“装出/表现出”某种样子(而且是TA主观上能控制的行为)。

  • 对比体会一下
    • “He is very selfish.”(他这个人很自私,本性如此,是个长期的状态)。
    • “I can’t understand why he’s being so selfish.”(我不明白他现在为什么表现得这么自私——潜台词:他平时挺大方的,就今天很反常)。
  • 大坑预警:这个句型绝对不能用在人无法控制的事情上(比如生病、累了)。
    • 你病了就是病了,不是装出来的,所以不能说 “Sam is being ill.”,只能说 “Sam is ill.”。

Practice

以下练习题均改编自《剑桥英语语法在用》Unit 4 的真实测试场景。请根据句意,将括号里的动词变成**一般现在时(do/does)现在进行时(am/is/are + -ing)**的正确形式:

练习一:状态动词的本能(注意哪些词天生不能加 -ing)

  1. Are you hungry? ________ (you/want) something to eat?
  2. Don’t put the dictionary away. I ________ (use) it.
  3. Don’t put the dictionary away. I ________ (need) it.
  4. Alan says he’s 90 years old, but nobody ________ (believe) him.

练习二:“think” 的两副面孔(“我认为” 还是 “我正琢磨”) 5. I can’t make up my mind. What ________ (you/think) I should do? 6. I ________ (think) of selling my car. Would you be interested in buying it?

练习三:戏精上身 (is being) vs 本性如此 (is) 请判断语境,填入 is / areis being / are being。 7. I can’t understand why he ________ so selfish. He isn’t usually like that. 8. You’ll like Sophie when you meet her. She ________ very nice.

进阶挑战:用自己的话造句 9. 归属与感官:用 belong to (属于) 或 taste (尝起来) 造一个句子,描述一个客观事实。记得想想它们该用什么时态! 10. 吐槽反常行为:试着描述某个朋友今天表现得很反常(比如平时很暴躁,今天突然很耐心),用上 “is being” 句型。


④ 今日阅读(约280词)

Why Teamwork Matters

Modern engineering projects are becoming more complex every year. A single engineer cannot complete a large project alone. Successful projects depend on teamwork, communication, and careful planning.

Every team member has different responsibilities. Structural engineers design the building frame, architects focus on appearance, and construction managers organise the work on site. They must communicate regularly to avoid mistakes and improve project quality.

Teamwork also helps people solve problems more efficiently. Different people bring different ideas and experiences. By working together, teams can often find better solutions than individuals working alone.

In today’s workplace, technical knowledge is important, but communication, teamwork, and responsibility are equally valuable. Employers often look for people who can cooperate well with others.


今天重点复习词(来自前3天)

阅读时,特别注意:

  • communication
  • quality
  • efficient / efficiently
  • equally
  • maintain(看看有没有类似表达)
  • determine(如果没有出现,也回忆它的意思)

今天我们的目标不是认识新词,而是再次遇见旧词


阅读理解(请继续用英文回答)

Q1

Why can’t one engineer complete a large project alone?


Q2

What does a structural engineer mainly do?


Q3

Why does teamwork help solve problems?


Q4

According to the passage, what do employers look for?


Q5(推理题)

Which is more important according to the passage?

A. Technical knowledge only

B. Communication only

C. Both technical knowledge and teamwork

D. Working alone


⑤ Shadowing(30分钟)

今天:

只练第一、二段。

要求:

每句:5遍。

重点:

今天练:

停顿(pause)

例如:

Modern engineering projects // are becoming more complex // every year.

不要一口气读到底。

Modern engineering projects// are becoming more complex //every year.

A single engineer //cannot complete //a large project alone.

Successful projects// depend on teamwork, //communication, //and careful planning.

Every team member// has different responsibilities.

Structural engineers/ design the building frame,// architects/ focus on appearance, //and construction managers /organise the work on site.

They must communicate regularly// to avoid mistakes and improve project quality.


⑥ PTE Read Aloud(20分钟)

朗读下面这段:

Teamwork plays an important role in modern engineering. Good communication helps reduce mistakes, improve quality, and increase efficiency. Successful engineers work closely with other professionals to achieve the best results./

要求:

  • 不回读
  • 不抢速度
  • 每个单词读完整

⑦ PTE Repeat Sentence(15分钟)

今天5句:

  1. Every project requires careful planning.
  2. Good communication improves teamwork.
  3. Please submit the report before Friday.
  4. Engineers must follow safety regulations.
  5. The meeting has been postponed until tomorrow.

方法:

不要背。

听一句。

立刻复述。

如果漏词,不要停。


⑧ 工程英语(15分钟)

今天主题:

Design Process

学习5个表达:

英文中文
design设计
calculation计算
drawing图纸
revision修改
approval审批

今天会说:

The design has been revised.

Please check the calculation.

The drawing has been approved.


⑨ Speaking(20分钟)

今天主题:

Why is teamwork important for structural engineers?

目标:

60秒。

参考结构:

  1. Teamwork is important because…
  2. Structural engineers work with…
  3. Good communication helps…
  4. My goal is to…

🎯 Today’s Better English(新增)

以后每天学3个更自然的表达。

今天:

❌ work together good

work closely together


❌ solve question

solve problems


❌ discuss about

discuss(不用about)

例如:

We need to discuss the design.

不是:

discuss about the design.

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